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Kardiale Kontraktilitätsmodulation

Eine neue Therapieform für herzinsuffiziente Patienten mit schmalem Kammerkomplex?

Cardiac contractility modulation

A new form of therapy for patients with heart failure and narrow QRS complex?

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Zusammenfassung

Bei der kardialen Kontraktilitätsmodulation (CCM) handelt es sich um eine Stimulationstherapie durch einen implantierbaren Impulsgenerator, der während der absoluten ventrikulären Refraktärphase elektrische Impulse in den rechten Ventrikel abgibt. Die Stimulation in die absolute ventrikuläre Refraktärzeit bewirkt eine Verlängerung des Aktionspotenzials mit erhöhtem Kalziumeinstrom in die Herzmuskelzelle und einer vermehrten Freisetzung von Kalzium aus dem sarkoplasmatischen Retikulum, sodass es zu einer verbesserten Kontraktilität des Herzmuskels kommt. Dies geschieht ohne Erhöhung des Sauerstoffverbrauchs. Bisherige kleinere randomisierte Studien konnten nachweisen, dass die CCM-Therapie eine sichere Therapie ist, die bei Patienten mit einer Ejektionsfraktion von 35 % oder weniger die maximale Sauerstoffaufnahmekapazität und die Lebensqualität verbessert. Die CCM-Therapie ist daher eine potenzielle Herzinsuffizienztherapie für Patienten mit therapierefraktärer mittelschwerer bis schwerer Herzinsuffizienz, die nicht für eine kardiale Resynchronisationstherapie geeignet sind. Weitere bisher ungeklärte Fragen sind u. a., welche Patienten von einer CCM-Therapie profitieren würden oder ob die CCM-Therapie harte klinische Endpunkte wie die Zahl der herzinsuffizienzbedingten Hospitalisationen oder Mortalität reduzieren kann.

Abstract

Cardiac contractility modulation (CCM) is a stimulation therapy by an implantable impulse generator, which enhances ventricular contractile performance by delivering CCM impulses to the right ventricle during the absolute refractory period. The CCM signals mediate increased inotropy by prolonging the duration of the action potential, which leads to an enhanced influx of calcium into cardiomyocytes and a greater release of calcium by the sarcoplasmic reticulum. The increase of cardiac contractility is not associated with increased oxygen consumption. Several small studies have shown that CCM therapy can safely improve symptoms of heart failure and peak oxygen consumption in patients with moderate to severe heart failure who are not eligible for resynchronization therapy. Therefore, CCM is a novel potential therapy for patients with heart failure, an ejection fraction ≤ 35 % and a normal QRS duration < 130 ms. However, apart from selecting appropriate patients for CCM therapy there are still unanswered questions, such as the impact of CCM therapy on established clinical endpoints. At present no data are available which have shown that CCM therapy leads to reduction of hospitalization for heart failure or mortality.

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Correspondence to T. Kleemann.

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Kleemann, T. Kardiale Kontraktilitätsmodulation. Herz 40, 945–951 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-015-4362-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-015-4362-8

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