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Meta-analysis of association between ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and essential hypertension in Asian populations

Metaanalyse der Assoziation zwischen ALDH2-rs671-Polymorphismus und essenzieller Hypertonie in asiatischen Populationen

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Abstract

Background

Mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) is an enzyme that oxidizes acetaldehyde into acetic acid during alcohol metabolism. Many studies indicate that the rs671 GG genotype in the ALDH2 gene may play a critical role in increasing the risk of essential hypertension (EH) associated with alcohol consumption, which predominantly occurs in men. However, the literature is inconclusive in this regard. This meta-analysis aims to derive a more precise estimation of the relationship between the rs671 polymorphism and EH for both male and female drinkers and nondrinkers.

Methods

Ten cohort and case-control studies were included in the analysis with a total of 12,161 subjects; 7,062 patients and 5,099 healthy controls.

Results

Our results show that the rs671 GG genotype was associated with an increased risk of EH compared with the AG+AA genotype (OR = 1.27, 95 % CI = 1.17–1.37, p < 0.00001). When comparing male and female subjects, only among male individuals was a higher risk of EH found in the GG genotype compared with the AG+ AA genotype (OR = 1.59, 95 % CI = 1.40–1.80, p < 0.00001). By contrast, among female subjects, the risk of EH in the rs671 GG genotype did not differ from that detected in the AA + GG genotype. The proportion of patients with EH was significantly higher for the GG genotype carriers than for the AG+AA genotype carriers, both in the subset of drinkers (OR = 1.51, 95 % CI = 1.23–1.86, p < 0.0001) and in that of nondrinkers (OR = 1.22, 95 % CI = 1.01–1.47, p = 0.03). In addition, among carriers of the GG genotype, the risk of EH among the drinkers was similar to that found in the nondrinkers’ subset (OR = 1.12, 95 %CI = 0.89–1.41, p = 0.34).

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis demonstrates that the rs671 GG genotype increases the risks of EH, especially in men, and is independent of alcohol consumption.

Zusammenhang

Hintergrund

Die mitochondriale Aldehyddehydrogenase-2 (ALDH2) ist ein Enzym, das beim Alkoholabbau Acetaldehyd zu Essigsäure oxidiert. Viele Studien zeigen, dass der rs671-GG-Genotyp im ALDH2-Gen möglicherweise eine entscheidende Rolle bei der Erhöhung des Risikos für eine essenzielle Hypertonie (EH) im Zusammenhang mit Alkoholkonsum spielt, hauptsächlich bei Männern. Allerdings ist die Literatur in dieser Hinsicht widersprüchlich. Die vorliegende Metaanalyse hat das Ziel, eine genauere Einschätzung der Beziehung zwischen dem rs671-Polymorphismus und EH für Männer und Frauen, Alkoholkonsumenten und Nichtkonsumenten zu erlangen.

Methoden

In die Auswertung wurden 10 Kohorten- und Fall-Kontroll-Studien mit insgesamt 12.161 Teilnehmern, 7062 Patienten und 5099 gesunden Kontrollen, eingeschlossen.

Ergebnisse

Die vorliegenden Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der rs671-GG-Genotyp gegenüber dem AG+AA-Genotyp mit einem erhöhten Risiko für EH einherging (Odds Ratio, OR: 1,27; 95%-Konfidenzintervall, 95%-KI: 1,17–1,37; p < 0,00001). Bei der Betrachtung von Männern und Frauen fand sich nur bei den Männern ein höheres Risiko einer EH beim GG-Genotyp im Vergleich zum AG+AA-Genotyp (OR: 1,59; 95%-KI: 1,40–1,80; p < 0,00001). Dagegen unterschied sich bei Frauen das Risiko einer EH beim rs671-GG-Genotyp nicht von dem beim AA+GG-Genotyp. Der Anteil von Patienten mit EH war beim GG-Genotyp im Vergleich zum AG+AA-Genotyp sowohl in der Untergruppe der Alkoholkonsumenten (OR: 1,51; 95%-KI: 1,23–1,86; p < 0,0001) als auch in der Untergruppe der Nichtkonsumenten (OR: 1,22; 95%-KI: 1,01–1,47; p= 0,03) signifikant höher. Darüber hinaus war das Risiko einer EH bei den Trägern des GG-Genotyps für Alkoholkonsumenten ähnlich wie das für Nichtkonsumenten (OR: 1,12; 95%-KI: 0,89–1,41; p = 0,34)

Schlussfolgerung

Die Metaanalyse zeigt also, dass der rs671-GG-Genotyp das Risiko einer EH erhöht, insbesondere bei Männern, und dies unabhängig vom Alkoholkonsum ist.

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Acknowledgments

This study was supported by Longhua Hospital Medical Research Project (LYTD-15), the National TCM Trade Foundation of China (No. 201007003-4), the Research Project for Practice Development of National TCM Clinical Research Bases (JDZX2012114), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81328025), and the Natural Science Foundation of Shanghai, China (No. 12ZR1432200).

Compliance with ethical guidelines

Conflict of interest. S.-Y. Zhang, S.-W. Chan, X. Zhou, X.-L. Chen, D.K.W. Mok, Z.-X. Lin, and Y.-H. Wang state that there are no conflicts of interest. The accompanying manuscript does not include studies on humans or animals.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 200032, Shanghai, PR, China

    S.-Y. Zhang, X. Zhou, X.-L. Chen &  Y.-H. Wang

  2. State Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine and Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, PR, China

    S.-W. Chan & D.K.W. Mok

  3. School of Tranditional Chinese Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR, China

    Z.-X. Lin

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  1. S.-Y. Zhang
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Correspondence to Y.-H. Wang.

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Zhang, SY., Chan, SW., Zhou, X. et al. Meta-analysis of association between ALDH2 rs671 polymorphism and essential hypertension in Asian populations. Herz 40 (Suppl 2), 203–208 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-014-4166-2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-014-4166-2

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