Skip to main content
Log in

Vascular Access Site Complications after Percutaneous Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation

Vaskuläre Zugangskomplikationen bei perkutaner, transfemoraler Aortenklappenimplantation

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Herz Kardiovaskuläre Erkrankungen Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Background and Purpose:

Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a rapidly emerging treatment option for patients with aortic valve stenosis and high surgical risk. Different access routes have been proposed for TAVI including transapical, transsubclavian and transfemoral, with percutaneous transfemoral being the preferred because least invasive and nonsurgical. However, vascular access site complications due to the large-bore delivery catheters remain an important clinical issue, particularly with respect to the elderly patient collective typically considered for TAVI. In the study, the authors analyzed their 4-year TAVI experience with respect to vascular complications and their management in patients undergoing completely percutaneous transfemoral TAVI procedures.

Patients and Methods:

Since 2006, TAVI was performed in 101 consecutive patients at the West German Heart Center Essen. 33 patients underwent transapical TAVI, eight patients transfemoral TAVI with surgical access or closure, and 60 patients percutaneous transfemoral TAVI using two commercially available prosthetic valve devices.

Results:

Completely percutaneous TAVI was technically successful in all but one patient with malpositioning in the aortic arch during valve retrieval. There was no intraprocedural death and 30-day mortality was 12% (7/60). Vascular access site complications occurred in 19 patients (32%), necessitating surgical repair in six of them (10%). Complications included retroperitoneal hematoma (n = 2), iliac or femoral artery dissection (n = 10), (pseudo)aneurysm formation (n = 3), and closure device-induced vessel stenosis/ occlusion (n = 6). Of these, 13 cases could be managed either conservatively (n = 5) or by contralateral endovascular treatment (n = 8).

Conclusion:

Completely percutaneous TAVI has a high acute success rate with low intraprocedural and 30-day mortality. The patient collective appears to be prone to vascular complications which remain an important limitation of this novel technique. Although conservative or endovascular management is possible in the majority of cases, further technological developments are obliged to reduce the vascular complication rate.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund und Fragestellung:

Die katheterbasierte Aortenklappenimplantation ist eine neue, in der klinischen Routine bereits breit angewandte Therapieoption für Hochrisikopatienten mit kalzifizierter Aortenklappenstenose. Während in der Anfangsphase noch eine chirurgische Freilegung der arteriellen Zugangsgefäße und damit verbunden eine Vollnarkose nötig waren, ist die Durchführung heute in einer rein perkutanen Technik und somit sogar unter Analgosedierung möglich. Aufgrund der großen Kaliber der zur Einführung und zum Vorschieben der Prothese benötigten Schleusen und Katheter birgt diese Prozedur jedoch das Risiko einer Verletzung der arteriellen Zugangsgefäße, insbesondere da diese bei den betroffenen, älteren Patienten häufig atherosklerotische Veränderungen aufweisen. Die vorliegende Untersuchung gibt einen Überblick über die vaskulären Komplikationen und mögliche Managementstrategien an einem Kollektiv von 60 konsekutiven Patienten, bei denen in rein perkutaner Technik eine transfemorale Aortenklappenimplantation durchgeführt wurde.

Patienten und Methodik:

Seit 2006 wurde am Westdeutschen Herzzentrum Essen bei insgesamt 101 konsekutiven Patienten eine kathetergesteuerte Aortenklappenimplantation durchgeführt, bei 33 Patienten über den transapikalen, bei 68 Patienten über den transfemoralen Zugang. Während bei den initialen acht in transfemoraler Technik behandelten Patienten noch eine chirurgische Freilegung und/oder ein chirurgischer Verschluss der Zugangsgefäße durchgeführt wurde, erfolgte die Implantation der ballonexpandierbaren Edwards-Sapien- (n = 41) und der selbstexpandierbaren CoreValve-Prothese (n = 19) bei de hemofolgenden 60 Patienten in rein perkutaner Technik unter Verwendung von Nahtverschlusssystemen.

Ergebnisse:

Bis auf eine Fehlpositionierung im Aortenbogen konnten alle Aortenklappenprothesen erfolgreich in rein perkutaner Technik und ohne intraprozeduralen Todesfall implantiert werden. Die 30-Tage-Mortalität betrug 12%. Postinterventionell zeigte sich eine signifikante Verbesserung der Hämodynamik mit Abfall des mittleren transaortalen Druckgradienten von 52 ± 18 auf 13 ± 6 mmHg und einer Zunahme der Klappenöffnungsfläche von 0,6 ± 0,2 auf 1,5 ± 0,3 cm2. Die Rate an vaskulären Komplikationen betrug 32% (19 von 60 Patienten). Die Komplikationen beinhalteten zwei retroperitoneale Hämatome, zehn Dissektionen der Femoral- und Iliakal gefäße, drei Aneurysmabildungen und sechs ver schluss systeminduzierte Komplikationen. In fünf Fällen erfolgte eine konservative Therapie, bei acht Patienten konnte eine katheterinterventionelle Behandlung durchgeführt werden. Eine operative Sanierung war bei sechs Patienten (10%) nötig.

Schlussfolgerung:

Die transfemorale Aortenklappenimplantation kann heutzutage in rein perkutaner Technik mit einer hohen Erfolgsrate, geringer Mortalität und guten hämodynamischen und klinischen Ergebnissen durchgeführt werden. Vaskuläre Komplikationen sind jedoch noch häufig und stellen eine wichtige Limitation dieser neuen Technik dar. Obwohl ein konservatives oder interventionelles Management dieser Komplikationen in der Regel möglich ist, müssen zukünftige Weiterentwicklungen in besonderem Maße auch auf eine Reduktion der vaskulären Komplikationsrate gerichtet sein.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Iung B, Baron G, Butchart EG, et al. A prospective survey of patients with valvular heart disease in Europe: the Euro Heart Survey on Valvular Heart Disease. Eur Heart J 2003;24:1231–43.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  2. Lindroos M, Kupari M, Heikkila J, et al. Prevalence of aortic valve abnormalities in the elderly: an echocardiographic study of a random population sample. J Am Coll Cardiol 1993;21:1220–5.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Nkomo VT, Gardin JM, Skelton TN, et al. Burden of valvular heart diseases: a population-based study. Lancet 2006; 368:1005–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Vahanian A, Baumgartner H, Bax J, et al. Guidelines on the management of valvular heart disease: the Task Force on the Management of Valvular Heart Disease of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J 2007;28:230–68.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bonow RO, Carabello BA, Kanu C, et al. ACC/AHA 2006 guidelines for the management of patients with valvular heart disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Writing Committee to Revise the 1998 Guidelines for the Management of Patients with Valvular Heart Disease): developed in collaboration with the Society of Cardiovascular Anesthesiologists: endorsed by the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions and the Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Circulation 2006;114:e84–231.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Charlson E, Legedza AT, Hamel MB. Decision-making and outcomes in severe symptomatic aortic stenosis. J Heart Valve Dis 2006;15:312–21.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Erbel R, Sack S. [Aortic valve stenosis.] Herz 2006;31:617–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Alexander KP, Anstrom KJ, Muhlbaier LH, et al. Outcomes of cardiac surgery in patients > or = 80 years: results from the National Cardiovascular Network. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000; 35:731–8.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Asimakopoulos G, Edwards MB, Taylor KM. Aortic valve replacement in patients 80 years of age and older: survival and cause of death based on 1100 cases: collective results from the UK Heart Valve Registry. Circulation 1997;96:3403–8.

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Dalrymple-Hay MJ, Alzetani A, Aboel-Nazar S, et al. Cardiac surgery in the elderly. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999; 15:61–6.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Kolh P, Kerzmann A, Honore C, et al. Aortic valve surgery in octogenarians: predictive factors for operative and long-term results. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2007;31:600–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Langanay T, De Latour B, Ligier K, et al. Surgery for aortic stenosis in octogenarians: influence of coronary disease and other comorbidities on hospital mortality. J Heart Valve Dis 2004;13:545–52.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Bramstedt KA. Aortic valve replacement in the elderly: frequently indicated yet frequently denied. Gerontology 2003; 49:46–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Webb JG, Pasupati S, Humphries K, et al. Percutaneous trans arterial aortic valve replacement in selected high-risk patients with aortic stenosis. Circulation 2007;116:755–63.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Cribier A, Eltchaninoff H, Tron C, et al. Treatment of calcific aortic stenosis with the percutaneous heart valve: mid-term follow-up from the initial feasibility studies: the French experience. J Am Coll Cardiol 2006;47:1214–23.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Piazza N, Grube E, Gerckens U, et al. Procedural and 30-day outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve implantation using the third generation (18 Fr) CoreValve ReValving System: results from the multicentre, expanded evaluation registry 1-year following CE mark approval. EuroIntervention 2008;4:242–9.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Grube E, Buellesfeld L, Mueller R, et al. Progress and current status of percutaneous aortic valve replacement: results of three device generations of the CoreValve ReValving System. Circ Cardiovasc Intervent 2008;1:167–75.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Cribier A, Eltchaninoff H, Bash A, et al. Percutaneous transcatheter implantation of an aortic valve prosthesis for calcific aortic stenosis: first human case description. Circulation 2002;106:3006–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Sack S, Naber C, Kahlert P, et al. [Percutaneous heart valve implantation in the aortic position.] Herz 2005;30:433–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Hanzel GS, Harrity PJ, Schreiber TL, et al. Retrograde percutaneous aortic valve implantation for critical aortic stenosis. Cathet Cardiovasc Interv 2005;64:322–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Webb JG, Chandavimol M, Thompson CR, et al. Percutaneous aortic valve implantation retrograde from the femoral artery. Circulation 2006;113:842–50.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  22. Lichtenstein SV, Cheung A, Ye J, et al. Transapical transcatheter aortic valve implantation in humans: initial clinical experience. Circulation 2006;114:591–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  23. Walther T, Simon P, Dewey T, et al. Transapical minimally invasive aortic valve implantation: multicenter experience. Circulation 2007;116:Suppl:I240–5.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Figulla HR, Ferrari M. [Percutaneously implantable aortic valve: the JenaValve concept evolution.] Herz 2006;31:685–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Buellesfeld L, Grube E. [Percutaneous aortic valve replacement - pro.] Herz 2009;34:124–9.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. de Jaegere P, van Dijk L, Laborde JC, et al. True percutaneous implantation of the CoreValve aortic valve prosthesis by the combined use of ultrasound guided vascular access, Prostar XL and the TandemHeart. EuroIntervention 2007;2: 500–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  27. Kahlert P, Eggebrecht H, Erbel R, et al. A modified “Preclosure” technique after percutaneous aortic valve replacement. Cathet Cardiovasc Interv 2008;72:877–84.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  28. Haas PC, Krajcer Z, Diethrich EB. Closure of large percutaneous access sites using the Prostar XL Percutaneous Vascular Surgery device. J Endovasc Surg 1999;6:168–70.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  29. Vassiliades TAJr, Block PC, Cohn LH, et al. The clinical development of percutaneous heart valve technology: a position statement of the Society of Thoracic Surgeons (STS), the American Association for Thoracic Surgery (AATS), and the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography and Interventions (SCAI) endorsed by the American College of Cardiology Foundation (ACCF) and the American Heart Association (AHA). J Am Coll Cardiol 2005;45:1554–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Webb JG, Pasupati S, Achtem L, et al. Rapid pacing to facilitate transcatheter prosthetic heart valve implantation. Cathet Cardiovasc Interv 2006;68:199–204.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. Grube E, Laborde JC, Zickmann B, et al. First report on a human percutaneous transluminal implantation of a self-expanding valve prosthesis for interventional treatment of aortic valve stenosis. Cathet Cardiovasc Interv 2005;66:465–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Grube E, Schuler G, Buellesfeld L, et al. Percutaneous aortic valve replacement for severe aortic stenosis in high-risk patients using the second- and current third-generation self-expanding CoreValve prosthesis: device success and 30-day clinical outcome. J Am Coll Cardiol 2007;50:69–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  33. Bonatti J, Vassiliades T, Nifong W, et al. How to build a cath-lab operating room. Heart Surg Forum 2007;10:E344–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Vahanian A, Alfieri O, Al-Attar N, et al. Transcatheter valve implantation for patients with aortic stenosis: a position statement from the European Association of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS) and the European Society of Cardiology (ESC), in collaboration with the European Association of Percutaneous Cardiovascular Interventions (EAPCI). Eur Heart J 2008;29:1463–70.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  35. Bleiziffer S, Ruge H, Mazzitelli D, et al. Valve implantation on the beating heart: catheter-assisted surgery for aortic stenosis. Dtsch Ärztebl Int 2009;106:235–41.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Descoutures F, Himbert D, Lepage L, et al. Contemporary surgical or percutaneous management of severe aortic stenosis in the elderly. Eur Heart J 2008;29:1410–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  37. Nashef SA, Roques F, Michel P, et al. European system for cardiac operative risk evaluation (EuroSCORE). Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 1999;16:9–13.

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Philipp Kahlert.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Kahlert, P., Al-Rashid, F., Weber, M. et al. Vascular Access Site Complications after Percutaneous Transfemoral Aortic Valve Implantation. Herz 34, 398–408 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-009-3252-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00059-009-3252-3

Key Words:

Schlüsselwörter:

Navigation