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Effect of EMD on the orthodontically induced root resorption repair process in rats

Auswirkung eines Schmelzmatrixproteins auf reparative Prozesse nach orthodontisch induzierter Wurzelresorption im Rattenmodell

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Abstract

Background

While different levels of root resorption may occur in orthodontic treatment, several preventive approaches have been reported. Nevertheless, little is known about the effect of enamel matrix derivative (EMD) on root repair during orthodontic tooth movement.

Objective

To evaluate the effect of EMD on root resorption repair following the application of orthodontic force.

Materials and methods

A force of 100 g was exerted for 14 days on the left maxillary first molars of twenty 10-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats divided into the EMD and control groups (n = 10 per group). In the EMD group, repeatedly injection of Emdogain® was administered after the appliance was removed, while phosphate-buffered saline was administered in the control group. In vivo microcomputed tomography (CT), haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, and immunohistochemistry were then used to evaluate the effect of EMD on the process of root repair.

Results

In the EMD group, the observed decrease in root resorption crater volume and increase in both the bone volume fraction and trabecular thickness were significantly greater than those in the control group. H&E staining showed that the periodontal fibres were relatively regular in arrangement and that the surface of the cementum was smooth in the EMD group. Immunohistochemical analysis showed higher bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2) and bone sialoprotein (BSP) expression levels in the EMD group than in the control group. In addition, the osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) expression levels were similar in both groups.

Conclusion

EMD enhanced the repair process following orthodontically induced root resorption in rats.

Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Während einer kieferorthopädischen Behandlung kann es zu Wurzelresorptionen unterschiedlichen Ausmaßes kommen, wobei verschiedene präventive Strategien bereits diskutiert wurden. Dennoch ist bisher wenig über die Auswirkungen von Schmelzmatrixderivat (EMD) auf die Wurzelreparation während einer kieferorthopädisch induzierten Zahnbewegung bekannt.

Ziel

Evaluierung der Effekte von EMD auf die Reparation von Wurzelresorptionen nach kieferorthopädischer Krafteinwirkung.

Material und Methoden

Vierzehn Tage lang wurde eine Kraft von 100 g auf die ersten Oberkiefermolaren links von 10 Wochen alten Sprague-Dawley-Ratten (n = 20) aufgebracht. Die Tiere waren auf eine EMD- und eine Kontrollgruppe aufgeteilt (jeweils n = 10). Bei den Tieren der EMD-Gruppe wurde nach Entfernung der Apparatur wiederholt Emdogain® appliziert, den Kontrolltieren phosphatgepufferte NaCl-Lösung. Um anschließend den EMD-Effekt auf den Reparationsprozess zu evaluieren, erfolgten Untersuchungen mit In-vivo-Mikrocomputertomographie, HE(Hämatoxylin-Eosin)-Färbung und Immunhistochemie.

Ergebnisse

In der EMD-Gruppe ließen sich im Vergleich mit der Kontrollgruppe folgende signifikante Unterschiede nachweisen: kleinere Wurzelresorptionskrater und ein höheres Volumen sowohl des Knochenanteils als auch des trabekulären Knochens. In den HE-gefärbten Schnitten ließen sich relativ regulär verlaufende / angeordnete Parodontalfasern und eine glatte Zementoberfläche in der EMD-Gruppe erkennen. Die immunhistochemische Analyse zeigte im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe höhere BMP(“bone morphogenetic protein)-2- und BSP(“bone sialoprotein”)-Expression in der EMD-Gruppe. Die Expression von OPG (Osteoprotegerin) und RANKL (“receptor activator of NF-κB ligand”) war dagegen in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar.

Schlussfolgerung

Im hier vorgestellten Rattenmodell ließ sich nachweisen, dass EMD die reparativen Prozesse nach kieferorthopädisch induzierter Wurzelresorption begünstigte.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the professors of the Chongqing Key Lab of Stomatology Disease and Biomedicine of Chongqing Medical University for guidance on these experiments.

Funding

Natural Science Foundation of Yubei District Science and Technology Commission, Chongqing, China (2014 (Society), No. 10).

Natural Science Foundation of Yuzhong District Science and Technology Commission, Chongqing, China (2015, No. 16).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

    Qin Hu, Jianping Zhou & Hongwei Dai

  2. Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China

    Qin Hu & Jianping Zhou

  3. Department of Dentistry, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China

    Xiaolin Xu

  4. Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China

    Hongwei Dai

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  1. Qin Hu
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Correspondence to Hongwei Dai.

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Conflict of interest

Q. Hu, J. Zhou, X. Xu and H. Dai declare that they have no competing interests.

Additional information

Qin Hu and Jianping Zhou contributed equally to this work.

The original online version of this article was revised: 1. Figure 2 was misplaced: The sagittal and horizontal views of figure 2a and figure 2b were not from the same rat. 2. Figure 3 was first published in Hu Qin, XU Xiao-lin, Zhou Jian-ping, Dai Hong-wei (2017) Effects of EMD on relapse and root repair after orthodontic tooth movement in rats. Shanghai J Stomatol,2017,26(2):156-161; doi: 10.19439/j.sjos.2017.02.006. The authors had the authorization of the Shanghai Journal of Stomatology to reuse the published materials, but neglected to quote this properly.

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Hu, Q., Zhou, J., Xu, X. et al. Effect of EMD on the orthodontically induced root resorption repair process in rats. J Orofac Orthop 79, 83–95 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00056-017-0119-8

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