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Prospects for repellent in pest control: current developments and future challenges

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Abstract

The overall interest in environmentally safe pest control methods and the rise of insecticide resistance in pest populations have prompted medical and agricultural entomology research on insect repellents in recent years. However, conducting research on repellent is challenging for several reasons: (1) the different repellent phenomena are not well defined; (2) it is difficult to test for and quantify repellent; (3) the physiological mechanisms are poorly known; (4) the field efficacy appears to be highly variable. Here, we identified five different types of repellent: expellency, irritancy, deterrency, odor masking and visual masking, and described behavioral bioassays to differentiate between them. Although these categories are currently defined by their behavioral response to different stimuli, we suggest new definitions based on their mechanism of action. We put forward three main hypotheses on the physiological mechanism: (1) a dose effect that modifies the behavior, (2) a repellent mechanism with specific receptors, or (3) inhibition of the transduction of neural information.

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Acknowledgments

The work was supported by CIRAD, IRD and MUTAVIE, Paris, France.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. UR Hortsys, CIRAD, Campus de Baillarguet, 34398, Montpellier, France

    Emilie Deletre, Alain Ratnadass & Thibaud Martin

  2. Department plant health, ICIPE, Kasarani, 00100, Nairobi, Kenya

    Emilie Deletre & Thibaud Martin

  3. Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE) UMR 5175, CNRS-University of Montpellier, University Paul Valéry-EPHE, 1919 route de Mende, 34293, Montpellier, France

    Bertrand Schatz

  4. UMR CBGP, INRA-CIRAD-IRD-Montpellier SupAgro, Campus de Baillarguet, 34980, Montferrier, France

    Denis Bourguet

  5. UMR MIVEGEC, IRD-CNRS-UM, 911 Ave Agropolis, 34394, Montpellier Cedex 5, France

    Fabrice Chandre

  6. USDA-ARS, European Biological Control Laboratory, Campus de Baillarguet, 34980, Montferrier, France

    Livy Williams

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  1. Emilie Deletre
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Deletre, E., Schatz, B., Bourguet, D. et al. Prospects for repellent in pest control: current developments and future challenges. Chemoecology 26, 127–142 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00049-016-0214-0

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