Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

Formulation of cashew nut shell liquid (CSNL) nanoemulsion, a potent inhibitor of human MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation

  • Original Research
  • Published:
Medicinal Chemistry Research Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Cashew nut shell liquid (CSNL) nanoemulsion has been formulated and its cytotoxic activity was determined using human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) adopting MTT assay and established staining techniques. MCF-7 cells treated with CSNL nanoemulsion suffered loss of viability and death mostly through apoptosis and/or necrosis as evidenced by the changes in the nuclear morphology and cytoplasmic features. The IC50 value of 48-h treatment groups fall in the range of 88 ± 14.2 μl/ml. In conclusion, the antiproliferative and morphological effects of CSNL nanoemulsion appear to be target-specific killing of cells which gives further lead to study apoptotic pathways as target for breast cancer therapy. This study has provided a scientific basis for the anti-tumor property of CSNL nanoemulsion with respect to breast cancer.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bouchemal KS, Briancon E, Perrier, Fessi H (2004) Nano-emulsion formulation using spontaneous emulsification: solvent, oil and surfactant optimisation. Int J Pharm 280:241–251

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Chandregowda V, Kush A, Reddy GC (2009) Synthesis of benzamide derivatives of anacardic acid and their cytotoxic activity. Eur J Med Chem 44(6):2711–2719

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • De Lima SG, Feitosa CM, Cito AM, Moita Neto JM, Lopes JA, Leite AS, Brito MC, Dantas SM, Cavalcante AA (2008) Effects of immature cashew nut-shell liquid (Anacardium occidentale) against oxidative damage in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and inhibition of acetylcholinesterase activity. Genet Mol Res 7(3):806–818

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • de Paula AA, Martins JB, dos Santos ML, Nascente Lde C, Romeiro LA, Areas TF, Vieira KS, Gambôa NF, Castro NG, Gargano R (2009) New potential AChE inhibitor candidates. Eur J Med Chem 44(9):3754–3759

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • George J, Kuttan R (1997) Mutagenic, carcinogenic and cocarcinogenic activity of cashewnut shell liquid. Cancer Lett 112(1):11–16

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Gerber B, Scholz C, Reimer T, Briese V, Janni W (2006) Complementary and alternative therapeutic approaches in patients with early breast cancer: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Res Treat 95:199–209

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Kamatha V, Rajini PS (2007) The efficacy of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) skin extract as a free radical scavenger. Food Chem 103:428–433

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Morais TC, Pinto NB, Carvalho KM, Rios JB, Ricardo NM, Trevisan MT, Rao VS, Santos FA (2010) Protective effect of anacardic acids from cashew (Anacardium occidentale) on ethanol-induced gastric damage in mice. Chem Biol Interact 183(1):264–269

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Mosmann T (1983) Rapid colorimetric assay for cellular growth and survival: application to proliferation and cytotoxicity assays. J Immunol Methods 65:55–63

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P (2005) Global cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin 55:74

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Seki J, Sonoke S, Saheki A, Fukui H, Sasaki H, Mayumi T (2004) A nanometer lipid emulsion, lipid nano-sphere (LNS), as a parenteral drug carrier for passive drug targeting. Int J Pharm 273:75–83

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Singh B, Kale RK, Rao AR (2004) Modulation of antioxidant potential in liver of mice by kernel oil of cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale) and its lack of tumour promoting ability in DMBA induced skin papillomagenesis. Indian J Exp Biol 42(4):373–377

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sun Y, Jiang X, Chen S, Price BD (2006) Inhibition of histone acetyltransferase activity by anacardic acid sensitizes tumor cells to ionizing radiation. FEBS Lett 580(18):4353–4356

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Sung B, Pandey MK, Ahn KS, Yi T, Chaturvedi MM, Liu M, Aggarwal BB (2008) Anacardic acid (6-nonadecyl salicylic acid), an inhibitor of histone acetyltransferase, suppresses expression of nuclear factor-κB-regulated gene products involved in cell survival, proliferation, invasion, and inflammation through inhibition of the inhibitory subunit of nuclear factor-κBα kinase, leading to potentiation of apoptosis. Blood 111(10):4880–4891

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Trevisan MT, Pfundstein B, Haubner R, Wurtele G, Spiegelhalder B, Bartsch H, Owen RW (2006) Characterization of alkyl phenols in cashew (Anacardium occidentale) products and assay of their antioxidant capacity. Food Chem Toxicol 44(2):188–197

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • Ushanandini S, Nagaraju S, Nayaka SC, Kumar KH, Kemparaju K, Girish KS (2009) The anti-ophidian properties of Anacardium occidentale bark extract. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 31(4):607–615

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

We thank King Saud University, Riyadh, KSA for the cell culture and instrumentation facilities. We acknowledge Nanokaryon Bioproducts and Services, Salem, Tamil Nadu, India for some technical assistance. The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest that would prejudice the impartiality of this scientific work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Molecular Cancer Biology Research Lab, Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Sciences and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

    Amal Al-Hazzani, Vaiyapuri Periyasamy, Pandurangan Subash-Babu & Ali A. Alshatwi

Authors
  1. Amal Al-Hazzani
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Vaiyapuri Periyasamy
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Pandurangan Subash-Babu
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Ali A. Alshatwi
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Vaiyapuri Periyasamy.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Al-Hazzani, A., Periyasamy, V., Subash-Babu, P. et al. Formulation of cashew nut shell liquid (CSNL) nanoemulsion, a potent inhibitor of human MCF-7 breast cancer cell proliferation. Med Chem Res 21, 1384–1388 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-011-9657-6

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-011-9657-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation