Abstract
The solvent extraction (SE) of garlic essential oil (Allium sativum) was studied. A multivariate study based on a four-factor, three-level Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to evaluate the influence of four major variables affecting the performance of the SE of garlic essential oil. The yield and the composition of the essential oils from garlic obtained by SE were determined, and compared with those obtained by the supercritical fluid extraction (SFE). Statistical treatment of the results provided by the BBD revealed that the selected parameters, extraction time and extraction temperature, were significant. The essential oils were analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Major essential oil components were 3-vinyl-4H-1,2-dithiin (31.89%), diallyl trisulfide (13.31%), diallyl sulfide (2.22%), dially disulfide (6.87%), propyl allyl disulfide (13.89%), and dimethyl disulfide (7.05%). Compared with SFE, the yield of essential oil obtained by SE was slightly lower, but major essential oil components were quantitatively similar. Moreover, residual solvent in garlic essential oil was very low (<50 mg/kg). In addition, a significant increment in the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ in serum of gastric cancer rats was determined after administration of garlic essential oil. It can be concluded, that the SE method offers obvious advantages over SFE. Moreover, the results indicated that garlic essential oil may be useful for treatment of patients with inflammatory disease, e.g., gastric cancer.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bordia A, Verma SK, Srivastava KC (1998) Effect of garlic (Allium Sativum) on blood lipids, blood sugar, fibrinogen and fibrinolytic activity in patients with coronary artery disease. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 58:257–263
Chauhan NB (2006) Effect of aged garlic extract on APP processing and tau phosphorylation in Alzheimer’s transgenic model Tg2576. J Ethnopharm 108:385–394
Cho S-K, Abd El-Aty AM, Choi J-H, Kim MR, Shim JH (2007) Optimized conditions for the extraction of secondary volatile metabolites in Angelica roots by accelerated solvent extraction. J Pharm Biomed Anal 44:23–29
Chyau C-C, Tsai S-Y, Yang J-H, Weng C-C, Han C-M, Shih C-C, Mau J-L (2007) The essential oil of Glossogyne tenuifolia. Food Chem 100:808–812
Eidi A, Eidi M, Esmaeili E (2006) Antidiabetic effect of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Phytomedicine 13:624–629
Franco D, Sineiro J, Pinelo M, Núñez MJ (2007) Ethanolic extraction of Rosa rubiginosa soluble substances: oil solubility equilibria and kinetic studies. J Food Eng 79:150–157
Gouveia L, Nobre BP, Marcelo FM, Mrejen S, Cardoso MT, Palavra AF, Mendes RL (2007) Functional food oil coloured by pigments extracted from microalgae with supercritical CO2. Food Chem 101:717–723
Khajeh M, Yamini Y, Sefidkon F, Bahramifar N (2004) Comparison of essential oil composition of Carum copticum obtained by supercritical carbon dioxide extraction and hydrodistillation methods. Food Chem 86:587–591
Kitzberger CSG, Smânia JA, Pedrosa RC, Ferreira SRS (2007) Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of shiitake (Lentinula edodes) extracts obtained by organic solvents and supercritical fluids. J Food Eng 80:631–638
Li R, Chen W, Wang W, Tian W, Zhang X (2009) Optimization of extraction technology of Astragalus polysaccharides by response surface methodology and its effect on CD40. Carbohyd Polym 78:784–788
Lin S-F, Li T-H, Chen K, Gao H-T, Li W-G (2005) GC–MS analysis of garlic and garlic essential oil for the contents of volatile oil and of chemical components. Phys Test Chem Anal B Chem Anal 41:87–89 (in Chinese)
Muthukumar M, Mohan D, Rajendran M (2003) Optimization of mix proportions of mineral aggregates using Box Behnken design of experiments. Cem Concr Compos 25:751–758
Qiao XG, Han YS, Zhang ZH, Wang Q, Zhao WE (2001) Effect of extraction conditions on the yield of garlic essential oil. Trans Chin Soc Agric Eng 17:115–117 (in Chinese)
Quynh TM, Mitomo H, Zhao L, Asai S (2008) The radiation crosslinked films based on PLLA/PDLA ste reocomplex after TAIC absorption in supercritical carbon dioxide. Carbohyd Polym 72:673–681
Reverchon E (1997) Supercritical fluid extraction of essential oils and related materials. J Supercritic Fluids 10:1–37
Shenoy NR, Choughuley ASU (1992) Inhibitory effect of diet related sulphydryl compounds on the formation of carcinogenic nitrosamines. Cancer Lett 65:227–232
Wang X, Chen QH, Li YR (2006) Supercritical CO2 extraction of garlic: effects of several technical parameters on the extraction efficiency. J Chin Ins Food Sci Technol 6:67–71 (in Chinese)
Xu WJ, Reddy N, Yang YQ (2009) Extraction, characterization and potential applications of cellulose in corn kernels and Distillers’ dried grains with solubles (DDGS). Carbohyd Polym 76:521–527
Yin GH, Dang YL (2008) Optimization of extraction technology of the Lycium barbarum polysaccharides by Box–Behnken statistical design. Carbohyd Polym 74:603–610
Acknowledgment
The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30872943) and the social development projects of Suzhou (No. SS0711).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Li, R., Chen, Wc., Wang, Wp. et al. Extraction of essential oils from garlic (Allium sativum) using ligarine as solvent and its immunity activity in gastric cancer rat. Med Chem Res 19, 1092–1105 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-009-9255-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00044-009-9255-z