Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Sigma-Delta Modulation Based Single-bit Adaptive DSP Algorithms for Efficient Mobile Communication

  • Published:
Circuits, Systems, and Signal Processing Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In the recent past, a new set of digital signal processing algorithms are developed called short word length (SWL) DSP systems to mitigate the multiplier complexity that is an inherent part in most DSP functions. In SWL algorithms, the critical element is sigma-delta modulation (SDM). In this paper, we present the design, implementation, and hardware synthesis of the FIR filter and adaptive algorithms with the conventional and proposed multiplier schemes. Two proposed short word length adaptive algorithms namely Wiener and Steepest-Descent are compared with their counterpart LMS algorithm using conventional and proposed multiplier schemes. The hardware synthesize of these algorithms is done using Xilinx Spartan-6 and Vertex-7 FPGA and comparison is done based on area-performance-power. The overall results show that the sigma-delta modulation based adaptive DSP algorithm outperforms and is an efficient approach for mobile communication.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4

Similar content being viewed by others

Data Availability

The manuscript has no associate data.

References

  1. A.D. Booth, A signed binary multiplication technique. Q. J. Mech. Appl. Math. 4(2), 236–240 (1951)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  2. B. Burke, W. Lindley, New CCD programmable transversal filter. Electron. Lett. 13(18), 521–523 (1977)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. D.D. Buss, D.R. Collins, W.H. Bailey, C.R. Reeves, Transversal filtering using charge-transfer devices. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits 8(2), 138–146 (1973)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. V. Capraro, M. Perc, Grand challenges in social physics: in pursuit of moral behavior. Front. Phys. 6, 107 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  5. A. Chang, T.D. Memon, Z.M. Hussain, I.H. Kalwar, B.S. Chowdhry, Design and analysis of single-bit ternary matched filter. Wireless Pers. Commun. 106(4), 1915–1929 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. A. Fadell, A. Hodge, S. Schell, R. Caballero, J.L. Dorogusker, S. Zadesky, E. Sanford, Embedded authentication systems in an electronic device, in Google Patents (2016)

  7. S. S. Haykin, Adaptive Filter Theory (Pearson Education India, 2005)

  8. S.S. Haykin, B. Widrow, B. Widrow, Least-Mean-Square Adaptive Filters, vol. 31 (Wiley, New York, 2003)

    Book  Google Scholar 

  9. D. Helbing, D. Brockmann, T. Chadefaux, K. Donnay, U. Blanke, O. Woolley-Meza, M. Moussaid, A. Johansson, J. Krause, S. Schutte, Saving human lives: what complexity science and information systems can contribute. J. Stat. Phys. 158(3), 735–781 (2015)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  10. H. Hwang, D. Bose, H. Wright, T.R. White, M. Schoenenberger, J. Santos, C.D. Karlgaard, C. Kuhl, T. Oishi, D. Trombetta, Mars 2020 Entry, Descent, and Landing Instrumentation (MEDLI2), in 46th AIAA Thermophysics Conference (2016), p. 3536

  11. R.V.G. Krishna, N.V Satish, Implementation of Fixed-Point LMS Adaptive Filter (2016)

  12. N.L. Latar, The robot journalist in the age of social physics: the end of human journalism?, in The new world of transitioned media (Springer, 2015), pp. 65–80

  13. G.-K. Ma, F.J. Taylor, Multiplier policies for digital signal processing. IEEE Assp. Mag. 7(1), 6–20 (1990)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. T. Memon, P. Beckett, The impact of alternative encoding techniques on field programmable gate array implementation of sigma-delta modulated ternary finite impulse response filters. Aust. J. Electr. Electron. Eng. 10(1), 107–116 (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  15. T. Memon, P. Beckett, A. Sadik, P. O’Shea, Single-bit adaptive channel equalization for narrowband signals, in TENCON 2011, pp. 398–402. IEEE

  16. T.D. Memon, A. Alhassani, P. Beckett, Single-bit ternary FIR filter in FPGA using canonical signed digit encoding, in International Multi Topic Conference (Springer, 2012), pp. 305–313

  17. T.D. Memon, P. Beckett, A.Z. Sadik, Power-area-performance characteristics of FPGA-based sigma-delta fir filters. J. Signal Process. Syst. 70(3), 275–288 (2013)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. T.D. Memon, A. Pathan, An approach to LUT based multiplier for short word length DSP systems, in 2018 International Conference on Signals and Systems (ICSigSys) 2018, pp. 276–280. IEEE

  19. T.D. Memon, A. Pathan, P. Beckett, FPGA based implementation and area performance analysis of sigma-delta modulated steepest algorithm for channel equalization, in 2018 12th International Conference on Signal Processing and Communication Systems (ICSPCS) 2018, pp. 1–6. IEEE

  20. S. Mumtaz, A. Alsohaily, Z. Pang, A. Rayes, K.F. Tsang, J. Rodriguez, Massive Internet of Things for industrial applications: addressing wireless IIoT connectivity challenges and ecosystem fragmentation. IEEE Ind. Electron. Mag. 11(1), 28–33 (2017)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. A. Pathan, R. Balal, T.D. Memon, S. Memon, Analysis of booth multiplier based conventional and short word length FIR filter. Mehran Univ. Res. J. Eng. Technol. 37(3), 595–602 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. A. Pathan, T.D. Memon, An optimised 3 × 3 shift and add multiplier on FPGA, in 2017 14th International Bhurban Conference on Applied Sciences and Technology (IBCAST) 2017, pp. 346–350. IEEE

  23. A. Pathan, T.D. Memon, Sigma-delta modulation based adaptive channel equalizer based on Wiener-Hopf equations. Wireless Pers. Commun. 5, 1–13 (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  24. A. Pathan, T.D. Memon, Analyzing the impact of sigma-delta modulation on performance parameters of adaptive filters. Wireless Pers. Commun. 9, 1–11 (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  25. A. Pathan, T.D. Memon, S. Keerio, I.H. Kalwar, FPGA Based performance analysis of multiplier policies for FIR filter, in 2016 International Conference on Advances in Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering (ICAEES) 2016, pp. 17–20. IEEE

  26. A. Pathan, T.D. Memon, S. Memon, A carry-look ahead adder based floating-point multiplier for adaptive filter applications. Int. J. Comput. Dig. Syst. 7(02), 95–102 (2018)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. D. Purohit, H. Joshi, Comparative study and analysis of fast multipliers, in International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR), vol 2(VII) (2014)

  28. M.M. Rathore, A. Ahmad, A. Paul, S. Rho, Urban planning and building smart cities based on the internet of things using big data analytics. Comput. Netw. 101, 63–80 (2016)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. A. Sadik, Z., Hussain, Two-bit adaptive LMS-like filtering, in Australian Telecommunications Networks and Applications Conference 2006, pp. 1–5. Melbourne University

  30. A. Sadik, Z. Hussain, P. O’Shea, Adaptive algorithm for ternary filtering. Electron. Lett. 42(7), 420–421 (2006)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  31. A. Sadik, Z.M. Hussain, Short word-length LMS filtering, in 2007 9th International symposium on signal processing and its applications 2007, pp. 1–4. IEEE

  32. A.H. Sodhro, A.S. Malokani, G.H. Sodhro, M. Muzammal, L. Zongwei, An adaptive QoS computation for medical data processing in intelligent healthcare applications. Neural Comput. Appl. 32(3), 723–734 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  33. S.K. Tayyaba, M.A. Shah, N.S.A. Khan, Y. Asim, W. Naeem, M. Kamran, Software-defined networks (SDNs) and Internet of Things (IoTs): a qualitative prediction for 2020. Network 7(11), 988 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  34. A.C. Thompson, P. O’Shea, Z.M. Hussain, B.R. Steele, Efficient single-bit ternary digital filtering using sigma-delta modulator. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 11(2), 164–166 (2004)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  35. C.S. Wallace, A suggestion for a fast multiplier. IEEE Trans. Electron. Comput. 1, 14–17 (1964)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  36. P.W. Wong, Fully sigma-delta modulation encoded FIR filters. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 40(6), 1605–1610 (1992)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  37. A. Zaidan, B. Zaidan, A review on intelligent process for smart home applications based on IoT: coherent taxonomy, motivation, open challenges, and recommendations. Artif. Intell. Rev. 53(1), 141–165 (2020)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  38. Y. Zhang, M. Qiu, C.-W. Tsai, M.M. Hassan, A. Alamri, Health-CPS: healthcare cyber-physical system assisted by cloud and big data. IEEE Syst. J. 11(1), 88–95 (2015)

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

The Higher Education Commission (HEC), Pakistan under the National Research Program for Universities (NRPU) grant Number 8521, National Center of Robotics, and Automation (NCRA) joint lab titled “Haptics, Human Robotics and Condition Monitoring Systems (HHCMS) Lab” established at Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro provided support to this research work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Electronic Engineering, Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering Science and Technology, QUEST, Larkana, Sindh, Pakistan

    Aneela Pathan

  2. Institute of Information and Communication Technologies, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan

    Aneela Pathan

  3. School of Information Technology and Engineering, Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia

    Tayab Din Memon

  4. Department of Electronic Engineering, Mehran University of Engineering and Technology, Jamshoro, Pakistan

    Tayab Din Memon

Authors
  1. Aneela Pathan
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Tayab Din Memon
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Aneela Pathan.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Pathan, A., Memon, T.D. Sigma-Delta Modulation Based Single-bit Adaptive DSP Algorithms for Efficient Mobile Communication. Circuits Syst Signal Process 40, 1788–1801 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01553-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Revised:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-020-01553-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation