Abstract
In this paper, computationally efficient filter structures based on the frequency-response masking (FRM) technique are proposed for the synthesis of arbitrary bandwidth sharp finite impulse response (FIR) filters. A serial masking scheme is introduced in the new structures to perform the masking task in two stages, which reduces the complexity of the masking filters. Compared to the original FRM and interpolated FIR-FRM (IFIR-FRM) structures, the proposed structures achieve additional savings in terms of numbers of arithmetic operations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
R. Bregovic, Y.C. Lim, T. Saramaki, Frequency response masking based design of two-channel FIR filterbanks with rational sampling factors and reduced implementation complexity, in Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Image and Signal Processing and Analysis, 15–17 Sept. 2005, pp. 121–126
R. Bregovic, Y.C. Lim, T. Saramaki, Frequency-response masking based design of nearly perfect-reconstruction two-channel FIR filterbanks with rational sampling factors. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I 55, 2002–2012 (2008)
L. Cen, Y. Lian, A hybrid GA for the design of multiplication-free frequency response masking filters, in 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 23–26 May 2005, pp. 520–523
L. Cen, Y. Lian, Hybrid genetic algorithm for the design of modified frequency-response masking filters in a discrete space. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 25(2), 153–174 (2006)
L. Chen, K.-P. Chan, Design of two-dimensional sharp wideband filters using frequency response masking technique and frequency transformation. Electron. Lett. 45(1), 82–84 (2009)
L.C.R. de Barcellos, S.L. Netto, P.S.R. Diniz, Optimization of FRM filters using the WLS-Chebyshev approach. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 22(2), 99–113 (2003)
L.C.R. de Barcellos, P.S.R. Diniz, S.L. Netto, On a modified structure for cosine-modulated filter banks using the frequency-response masking approach, in 2005 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 23–26 May 2005, pp. 4309–4312
L.C.R. de Barcellos, P.S.R. Diniz, S.L. Netto, On the design of cosine-modulated filter banks using recurrent frequency-response masking, in IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, 4–7 Dec. 2006, pp. 928–931
M.B. Furtado, P.S.R. Diniz, S.L. Netto, Optimized prototype filter based on the FRM approach for cosine-modulated filter banks. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 22(2), 193–210 (2003)
M.B. Furtado Jr., P.S.R. Diniz, S.L. Netto, T. Saramaki, On the design of high-complexity cosine-modulated transmultiplexers based on the frequency-response masking approach. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Regul. Pap. 52(11), 2413–2426 (2005)
O. Gustafsson, H. Johansson, L. Wanhammar, Single filter frequency masking high-speed recursive digital filters. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 22(2), 219–238 (2003)
N. Hayasaka, Y. Miyanaga, Spectrum filtering with FRM for robust speech recognition, in 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 21–24 May 2006, pp. 3285–3288
H. Johansson, Two classes of frequency-response masking linear-phase FIR filters for interpolation and decimation. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 25(2), 175–200 (2006)
H. Johansson, T. Saramaki, Two-channel FIR filter banks utilizing the FRM approach. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 22(2), 157–192 (2003)
S.M. Kilambi, B. Nowrouzian, A diversity controlled genetic algorithm for optimization of FRM digital filters over DBNS multiplier coefficient space, in 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 27–30 May 2007, pp. 2331–2334
S.M. Kilambi, B. Nowrouzian, Y. Wu, A novel diversity-controlled genetic algorithm for rapid optimization of bandpass FRM FIR digital filters over CSD multiplier coefficient space. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 27(5), 599–625 (2008)
W.R. Lee, L. Caccetta, K.L. Teo, V. Rehbock, A unified approach to multistage frequency-response masking filter design using the WLS technique. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 54(9), 3459–3467 (2006)
W.R. Lee, L. Caccetta, K.L. Teo, V. Rehbock, A weighted least squares approach to the design of FIR filters synthesized using the modified frequency response masking structure. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II: Express Briefs 53(5), 379–383 (2006)
Y. Lian, Complexity reduction for FRM-based FIR filters using the prefilter-equalizer technique. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 22(2), 137–155 (2003)
Y. Lian, W.-S. Lu, Computationally efficient digital filters: Design techniques and applications. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 25(2), 125–130 (2006)
Y. Lian, C.Z. Yang, Complexity reduction by decoupling the masking filters from the bandedge shaping filter in the FRM technique. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 22(2), 115–135 (2003)
Y. Lian, C.Z. Yang, Y.C. Lim, Complexity reduction of FRM filters via multiplication-free prefilter-equalizer structures, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 27–30 May 2007, pp. 2958–2961
Y.C. Lim, Frequency-response masking approach for the synthesis of sharp linear phase digital filters. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. CAS-33, 357–364 (1986)
Y.C. Lim, Y. Lian, The optimal design of one- and two-dimensional FIR filters using the frequency response masking technique. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst., Part 2 40, 88–95 (1993)
Y.C. Lim, Y. Lian, Frequency-response masking approach for digital filter design: complexity reduction via masking filter factorization. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II CASII-41(8), 518–525 (1994)
Y.C. Lim, R. Yang, On the synthesis of very sharp decimators and interpolators using the frequency-response masking technique. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 53, 1387–1397 (2005)
Y.C. Lim, Y.J. Yu, Synthesis of very sharp Hilbert transformer using the frequency-response masking technique. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 53(7), 2595–2597 (2005)
Y.C. Lim, Y.J. Yu, H.Q. Zheng, S.W. Foo, FPGA implementation of digital filters synthesized using the FRM technique. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 22(2), 211–218 (2003)
Y.C. Lim, Y.J. Yu, T. Saramaki, Optimum masking levels and coefficient sparseness for Hilbert transformers and half-band filters designed using the frequency-response masking technique. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Regul. Pap. 52(11), 2444–2453 (2005)
Y.C. Lim, Y.J. Yu, T. Saramaki, K.L. Teo, FRM based FIR filters with optimum finite word length performance. IEEE Trans. Signal Process. 55, 2914–2924 (2007)
Z. Lin, Y. Liu, FRM filter design with group delay constraint using second-order cone programming, in 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 27–30 May 2007, pp. 2954–2957
Y. Liu, Z. Lin, Design of complex FIR filters using the frequency-response masking approach, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 23–26 May 2005, pp. 2024–2027
Y. Liu, Z. Lin, On the applications of the frequency-response masking technique in array beamforming. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 25(2), 201–224 (2006)
Y. Liu, Z. Lin, Optimal design of frequency-response masking filters with reduced group delays. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I: Regul. Pap. 55(6), 1560–1570 (2008)
W.S. Lu, T. Hinamoto, Design of frequency-response-masking FIR filters using SOCP with coefficient sensitivity constraint, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 18–21 May 2008, pp. 2442–2445
R. Mahesh, A.P. Vinod, Frequency response masking based reconfigurable channel filters for software radio receivers, in 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 27–30 May 2007, pp. 2518–2521
R. Mahesh, A.P. Vinod, Reconfigurable frequency response masking filters for software radio channelization. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II: Express Briefs 55(3), 274–278 (2008)
P. Mercier, B. Nowrouzian, A genetic algorithm for the design and optimization of FRM digital filters over a canonical double-base multiplier coefficient space, in 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 21–24 May 2006, pp. 3289–3292
P. Mercier, B. Nowrouzian, Design of FRM digital filters over the CSD multiplier coefficient space employing genetic algorithms, in 2006 IEEE International Conference on Acoustics, Speech and Signal Processing, vol. 3, 14–19 May 2006, pp. 968–971
L. Nan, B. Nowrouzian, Application of frequency-response masking technique to the design of a novel modified-DFT filter bank, in 2006 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 21–24 May 2006, pp. 3293–3296
Y. Neuvo, C.Y. Dong, S.K. Mitra, Interpolated finite impulse response filters. IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech, Signal Process. 32, 563–570 (1984)
T. Saramaki, Y. Lian, Guest Editorial: Special issue on the frequency-response masking technique and its applications. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 22(2), iii–vii (2003)
T. Saramaki, Y. Neuvo, S.K. Mitra, Design of computationally efficient interpolated FIR filters. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. CAS-35, 70–88 (1988)
K.G. Smitha, R. Mahesh, A.P. Vinod, A reconfigurable multi-stage frequency response masking filter bank architecture for software defined radio receivers, in 2008 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 18–21 May 2008, pp. 85–88
K. Supramaniam, Y. Lian, Complexity reduction for frequency-response masking filters using cyclotomic polynomial prefilters, in Proceedings of IEEE ISCAS, 21–24 May 2006, pp. 3297–3300
C. Wang, H.K. Kwan, Design of discrete coefficient frequency-response-masking FIR digital filters, in IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, Nov. 30–Dec. 3 2008, pp. 461–464
Y. Wei, Y. Lian, Complexity reduction for frequency-response masking filters using serial masking, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 18–21 May 2008, pp. 2438–2441
C.Z. Yang, Y. Lian, New structures for single filter based frequency-response masking approach, in IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, 4–7 Dec. 2006, pp. 69–72
R. Yang, B. Liu, Y.C. Lim, A new structure of sharp transition FIR filters using frequency-response masking. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. CAS-35, 955–966 (1988)
R. Yang, Y.C. Lim, S.R. Parker, Design of sharp linear-phase FIR bandstop filters using the frequency-response-masking technique. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 17(1), 1–27 (1998)
J. Yu, Y. Lian, Interpolation factor analysis for jointly optimized frequency-response masking filters, in IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems, 23–26 May 2005, pp. 2016–2019
J. Yu, Y. Lian, Design equations for jointly optimized frequency-response masking filters. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 26(1), 27–42 (2007)
Y.J. Yu, K.L. Teo, Y.C. Lim, G.H. Zhao, Extrapolated impulse response filter and its application in the synthesis of digital filters using the frequency-response masking technique. Signal Process. 85(3), 581–590 (2005)
L. Zhou, W. Pei, P. Xi, Z. He, Frequency-response masking approach for design of intermediate frequency filters in CDMA and wideband GSM modules, in IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Circuits and Systems, 4–7 Dec. 2006, pp. 736–739
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wei, Y., Lian, Y. Frequency-Response Masking Filters Based on Serial Masking Schemes. Circuits Syst Signal Process 29, 7–24 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-009-9112-9
Received:
Revised:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00034-009-9112-9