Perturbations of differentiable semigroups

Abstract.

If (A, D(A)) generates a C ₀-semigroup T on a Banach space X and $B \in {\mathcal{L}}(X)$ then (A + B, D(A)) is also the generator of a C ₀-semigroup, S _B . There are easy examples to show that if T is eventually differentiable then S _B need not be eventually differentiable. In 1995 an example was constructed to show that if T is immediately differentiable then S _B need not be immediately differentiable. In this paper we establish necessary and sufficient conditions on the generator (A, D(A)) of T which ensure that eventual or immediate differentiability of T is inherited by S _B for all $B \in {\mathcal{L}}(X)$. We are therefore able to give a characterization of the immediately and eventually differentiable C ₀-semigroups for which differentiability is a stable property under bounded perturbations of the generator. We also prove a characterization of the C ₀-semigroups for which the norm of the resolvent of the generator decays on vertical lines and a new characterization of the Crandall-Pazy class of semigroups.