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4-D Imaging of Subsurface Changes with Coda Waves: Numerical Studies of 3-D Combined Sensitivity Kernels and Applications to the \(M_{\mathrm{w}}\) 7.9, 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake

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Abstract

In the context of seismic monitoring, recent studies made successful use of seismic coda waves to image the lateral extent of medium changes. Locating the depth of the changes, however, remains a challenge. We use multiply scattered body- and surface-wave 3-D combined sensitivity kernels to address this problem. We show that we can locate velocity perturbations at depth with numerical data from elastic wave-field simulations in 3-D heterogeneous media. This procedure is then applied to assess the extent of the crustal damage due to the \(M_{\mathrm{w}}\) 7.9, 2008 Wenchuan earthquake. We discuss the potential and limitations of our approach to retrieve the depth information of temporal changes occurring in heterogeneous structures.

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Acknowledgements

The research leading to these results received funding from the European Community Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement no. 608553 (Image) and the Swiss Federal Office of Energy with the project GEOBEST. The authors also want to thank the Leibniz-Rechenzentrum (LRZ) and Jens Oeser for access and support in using the SUPERMUC system at the LRZ. The work has benefited from discussions within the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) action ES1401-TIDES, supported by COST. MC acknowledges the support of the European Research Council (ERC) under agreement no. 742335 (F-Image). The authors wish to thank Gregor Hillers and an anonymous reviewer for their very constructive and detailed comments that helped to significantly improve the manuscript, as well as the editor Yehuda Ben-Zion for his helpful suggestions.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Swiss Seismological Service, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland

    Anne Obermann

  2. Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland

    Thomas Planès

  3. ISTerre, CNRS, Université de Grenoble, Grenoble, France

    Eric Larose & Michel Campillo

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  1. Anne Obermann
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  2. Thomas Planès
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Correspondence to Anne Obermann.

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Obermann, A., Planès, T., Larose, E. et al. 4-D Imaging of Subsurface Changes with Coda Waves: Numerical Studies of 3-D Combined Sensitivity Kernels and Applications to the \(M_{\mathrm{w}}\) 7.9, 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Pure Appl. Geophys. 176, 1243–1254 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-018-2014-7

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