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Validation of the Deep Velocity Structure of the Tokachi Basin Based on 3-D Simulation of Long-Period Ground Motions

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Abstract

The construction of 3-D basin velocity structures is ongoing in many regions of Japan. The structure models are constructed mainly for the prediction of long-period ground motions from future large earthquakes. In this paper, we validate the 3-D velocity structure model of the Tokachi basin, a deep sedimentary basin located in eastern Hokkaido, Japan, based on 3-D simulation of long-period (2–20 s) ground motions from three nearby intermediate-depth earthquakes; this model was constructed by the National Research Institute for Earth Science and Disaster Prevention (NIED). We make comparisons between the observed and synthetic long-period ground motions for the basin-induced surface waves as well as the direct S-wave. We also try to revise the 3-D velocity structure in the western part of the Tokachi basin based on 1-D velocity structures estimated using long-period S-wave modeling and the microtremor survey method. We then perform the 3-D simulation again to validate the revised model. Based on quantitative comparisons of the long-period ground motions from these simulations with those observed, we conclude that the NIED and revised velocity structure models are generally good at the central basin sites, but that both models require modification at the basin edges to explain the details of the observed basin-induced surface waves.

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Acknowledgements

We are thankful to NIED, who provided us with the strong-motion and deep subsurface velocity structure data. We are also thankful to WISE and JMA, who provided us with strong-motion data. We acknowledge Wessel and Smith (1998) for providing us with the Generic Mapping Tool that was used to draw some of the figures in this study. We thank Dr. Hideki Nagumo, who provided us with the finite difference source code and Dr. Shinako Noguchi, who implemented a speed-up technique in the source code using OpenMP. We also thank Dr. Takahiro Maeda and Prof. Hiroshi Takenaka for the fruitful discussions during the preparation of this manuscript. We also thank the two anonymous reviewers for their helpful and constructive comments. The first author acknowledges the partial financial support from the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, Japan (MEXT) to carry out his study in Hokkaido University. This work was supported in part by the Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research No. 19201034 from the MEXT.

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  1. Division of Architectural and Structural Design, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, 060-8628, Japan

    Yadab P. Dhakal, Tsutomu Sasatani & Nobuo Takai

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  1. Yadab P. Dhakal
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  2. Tsutomu Sasatani
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  3. Nobuo Takai
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Correspondence to Yadab P. Dhakal.

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Dhakal, Y.P., Sasatani, T. & Takai, N. Validation of the Deep Velocity Structure of the Tokachi Basin Based on 3-D Simulation of Long-Period Ground Motions. Pure Appl. Geophys. 168, 1599–1620 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00024-010-0237-3

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