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Moonlighting enzymes: when cellular context defines specificity

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Abstract

It is not often realized that the absolute protein specificity is an exception rather than a rule. Two major kinds of protein multi-specificities are promiscuity and moonlighting. This review discusses the idea of enzyme specificity and then focusses on moonlighting. Some important examples of protein moonlighting, such as crystallins, ceruloplasmin, metallothioniens, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, and enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism are discussed. How protein plasticity and intrinsic disorder enable the removing the distinction between enzymes and other biologically active proteins are outlined. Finally, information on important roles of moonlighting in human diseases is updated.

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  1. Department of Biochemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology, Hauz Khas, New Delhi, 110016, India

    Munishwar Nath Gupta

  2. Department of Molecular Medicine and USF Health Byrd Alzheimer’s Research Institute, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, 12901 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC07, Tampa, FL, 33612-4799, USA

    Vladimir N. Uversky

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Gupta, M.N., Uversky, V.N. Moonlighting enzymes: when cellular context defines specificity. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 80, 130 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-023-04781-0

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