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What can urinary exosomes tell us?

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Abstract

Exosomes are involved in a wide variety of biochemical processes in human body homeostasis. Exosomes also provide important information regarding communications among several organ systems. Additionally, they can serve as molecular vehicles to deliver drugs. Therefore, exosomes have received wide attention in current biomedical research for unraveling pathogenic mechanisms of diseases, searching for novel biomarkers, and discovering new drugs. This paper reviews and discusses the significance of urinary exosomes for a better understanding of human disease pathophysiology and their potential use as therapeutic targets. Isolation methods of exosomes and the latest technological advances are also discussed. Furthermore, novel urinary exosomal biomarkers are highlighted with special emphasis on their clinical applicability (particularly sensitivity, specificity, reliability, and other aspects). Finally, future trends for this field are analyzed and our perspectives are provided.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT), European Union, QREN, FEDER and COMPETE for funding UnIC—Unidade de Investigação Cardiovascular (UIDB/00051/2020 and UIDP/00051/2020), iBiMED (UID/04501/2020, POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007628) and FCT QOPNA ((FCT UID/QUI/00062/2019) and LAQV/REQUIMTE (UIDB/50006/2020) research units. RV is supported by IF/00286/2015 grants. VT is supported by Mahidol University research grant and the Thailand Research Fund (IRN60W0004).

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  1. Departamento de Cirurgia e Fisiologia, UnIC, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal

    Rui Vitorino

  2. Department of Medical Sciences, iBiMED, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Rui Vitorino

  3. Department of Chemistry, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Aveiro, Portugal

    Rita Ferreira, Sofia Guedes & Francisco Amado

  4. Medical Proteomics Unit, Office for Research and Development, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, 6th Floor, SiMR Building, 2 Wanglang Road, Bangkoknoi, Bangkok, 10700, Thailand

    Visith Thongboonkerd

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Vitorino, R., Ferreira, R., Guedes, S. et al. What can urinary exosomes tell us?. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 78, 3265–3283 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-020-03739-w

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