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Regulatory network of miRNA on its target: coordination between transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression

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Abstract

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of endogenous small noncoding RNAs that participate in a majority of biological processes via regulating target gene expression. The post-transcriptional repression through miRNA seed region binding to 3′ UTR of target mRNA is considered as the canonical mode of miRNA-mediated gene regulation. However, emerging evidence suggests that other regulatory modes exist beyond the canonical mechanism. In particular, the function of intranuclear miRNA in gene transcriptional regulation is gradually revealed, with evidence showing their contribution to gene silencing or activating. Therefore, miRNA-mediated regulation of gene transcription not only expands our understanding of the molecular mechanism underlying miRNA regulatory function, but also provides new evidence to explain its ability in the sophisticated regulation of many bioprocesses. In this review, mechanisms of miRNA-mediated gene transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation are summarized, and the synergistic effects among these actions which form a regulatory network of a miRNA on its target are particularly elaborated. With these discussions, we aim to emphasize the importance of miRNA regulatory network on target gene regulation and further highlight the potential application of the network mode in the achievement of a more effective and stable modulation of the target gene expression.

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Abbreviations

AGO:

Argonaute proteins

ASO:

Antisense oligonucleotides

CYP2E1:

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2E1

DGCR8:

DiGeorge syndrome chromosomal [or critical] region 8

DOX:

Doxorubicin

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

IPO8:

Importin 8

miRISC:

MicroRNA-induced silencing complex

miRNA:

MicroRNA

nt:

Nucleotides

NPC:

Nuclear pore complex

snoRNA:

Small nucleolar RNA

SMARCE1:

SWI/SNF-related matrix-associated actin-dependent regulator of chromatin subfamily E member 1

PTGS:

Post-transcriptional gene silencing

pre-miRNAs:

Precursor miRNAs

P-body:

Processing body

Pol II:

Polymerase II

RNAi:

RNA silencing

TRBP:

Transactivation-responsive RNA-binding protein

TGS:

Transcriptional gene silencing

TGA:

Transcriptional gene activating

trnc6a:

Trinucleotide repeat-containing gene 6A

UTR:

Untranslated region

XPO5:

Exportin-5

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201203, China

    Mengfan Pu, Jing Chen, Zhouteng Tao, Lingling Miao, Xinming Qi & Jin Ren

  2. School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai, 201210, China

    Mengfan Pu

  3. The Brain Science Center, Beijing Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, 27 Taiping Road, Beijing, 100850, China

    Yizheng Wang

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  1. Mengfan Pu
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  2. Jing Chen
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  3. Zhouteng Tao
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  4. Lingling Miao
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  5. Xinming Qi
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  6. Yizheng Wang
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  7. Jin Ren
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Correspondence to Jin Ren.

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Pu, M., Chen, J., Tao, Z. et al. Regulatory network of miRNA on its target: coordination between transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 76, 441–451 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-018-2940-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-018-2940-7

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