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Control of HIV infection by IFN-α: implications for latency and a cure

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Abstract

Viral infections, including HIV, trigger the production of type I interferons (IFNs), which in turn, activate a signalling cascade that ultimately culminates with the expression of anti-viral proteins. Mounting evidence suggests that type I IFNs, in particular IFN-α, play a pivotal role in limiting acute HIV infection. Highly active anti-retroviral treatment reduces viral load and increases life expectancy in HIV positive patients; however, it fails to fully eliminate latent HIV reservoirs. To revisit HIV as a curable disease, this article reviews a body of literature that highlights type I IFNs as mediators in the control of HIV infection, with particular focus on the anti-HIV restriction factors induced and/or activated by IFN-α. In addition, we discuss the relevance of type I IFN treatment in the context of HIV latency reversal, novel therapeutic intervention strategies and the potential for full HIV clearance.

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Ms. Orla Convery for editing this manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Medicine, Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Nollaig M. Bourke

  2. Department of Medical Gerontology, Mercer’s Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

    Nollaig M. Bourke

  3. School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

    Silvia Napoletano, Ciaran Bannan, Suaad Ahmed & Nigel J. Stevenson

  4. Department of Genito Urinary Medicine and Infectious Diseases, St. James’s Hospital, Dublin, Ireland

    Ciaran Bannan & Colm Bergin

  5. Blizard Institute School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK

    Áine McKnight

Authors
  1. Nollaig M. Bourke
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  2. Silvia Napoletano
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  3. Ciaran Bannan
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  4. Suaad Ahmed
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  5. Colm Bergin
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  6. Áine McKnight
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  7. Nigel J. Stevenson
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Nigel J. Stevenson.

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Bourke, N.M., Napoletano, S., Bannan, C. et al. Control of HIV infection by IFN-α: implications for latency and a cure. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 75, 775–783 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-017-2652-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-017-2652-4

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