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Lipid droplet dynamics in budding yeast

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Abstract

Eukaryotic cells store excess fatty acids as neutral lipids, predominantly triacylglycerols and sterol esters, in organelles termed lipid droplets (LDs) that bulge out from the endoplasmic reticulum. LDs are highly dynamic and contribute to diverse cellular functions. The catabolism of the storage lipids within LDs is channeled to multiple metabolic pathways, providing molecules for energy production, membrane building blocks, and lipid signaling. LDs have been implicated in a number of protein degradation and pathogen infection processes. LDs may be linked to prevalent human metabolic diseases and have marked potential for biofuel production. The knowledge accumulated on LDs in recent years provides a foundation for diverse, and even unexpected, future research. This review focuses on recent advances in LD research, emphasizing the diverse physiological roles of LDs in the model system of budding yeast.

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Abbreviations

ACAT:

Acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyltransferase

ATGL:

Adipose triacylglyceride lipase

CCT:

CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase

CoA:

Coenzyme A

CDP-DAG:

Cytidine diphosphate-diacylglycerol

CTP:

Cytidine triphosphate

DAG:

Diacylglycerol

DGAT:

Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

ERAD:

ER-associated protein degradation

FA:

Fatty acid

FIT:

Fat-inducing transcript

GPAT:

Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase

LD:

Lipid droplet

lyso-PA:

1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate

MAG:

Monoacylglycerol

PA:

Phosphatidic acid

PAP:

Phosphatidate phosphatase

PC:

Phosphatidylcholine

PE:

Phosphatidylethanolamine

PI:

Phosphatidylinositol

PS:

Phosphatidylserine

SE:

Sterol ester

TAG:

Triacylglycerol

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Acknowledgments

I thank Dr. Rey-Huei Chen at the Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, for reading the manuscript and her helpful commentary and Miss Yu-Chun Weng at the Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, for help with art and design work. This work was supported by an intramural fund from Academia Sinica and the grants NSC 101-2311-B-001-028-MY3 and 103-2633-B-001-003 from the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan.

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    Chao-Wen Wang

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Wang, CW. Lipid droplet dynamics in budding yeast. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 72, 2677–2695 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-015-1903-5

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