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Stress-induced self-cannibalism: on the regulation of autophagy by endoplasmic reticulum stress

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Abstract

Macroautophagy (autophagy) is a cellular catabolic process which can be described as a self-cannibalism. It serves as an essential protective response during conditions of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress through the bulk removal and degradation of unfolded proteins and damaged organelles; in particular, mitochondria (mitophagy) and ER (reticulophagy). Autophagy is genetically regulated and the autophagic machinery facilitates removal of damaged cell components and proteins; however, if the cell stress is acute or irreversible, cell death ensues. Despite these advances in the field, very little is known about how autophagy is initiated and how the autophagy machinery is transcriptionally regulated in response to ER stress. Some three dozen autophagy genes have been shown to be required for the correct assembly and function of the autophagic machinery; however; very little is known about how these genes are regulated by cellular stress. Here, we will review current knowledge regarding how ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) induce autophagy, including description of the different autophagy-related genes which are regulated by the UPR.

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Acknowledgments

Our research is supported by Science Foundation Ireland (09/RFP/BIC2371; 09/RFP/BMT2153), the Health Research Board (HRA/2009/59) and Breast Cancer Campaign (2008NovPhD21; 2010NovPR13).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Apoptosis Research Centre, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland

    Shane Deegan, Svetlana Saveljeva, Adrienne M. Gorman & Afshin Samali

  2. School of Natural Sciences, NUI Galway, Galway, Ireland

    Shane Deegan, Svetlana Saveljeva, Adrienne M. Gorman & Afshin Samali

Authors
  1. Shane Deegan
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  2. Svetlana Saveljeva
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  3. Adrienne M. Gorman
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  4. Afshin Samali
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Correspondence to Afshin Samali.

Additional information

S. Deegan and S. Saveljeva contributed equally to this work.

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Deegan, S., Saveljeva, S., Gorman, A.M. et al. Stress-induced self-cannibalism: on the regulation of autophagy by endoplasmic reticulum stress. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 70, 2425–2441 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-012-1173-4

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