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Virus-mediated inhibition of natural cytotoxicity receptor recognition

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Abstract

Natural killer (NK) cells are a part of the innate immune system that functions mainly to kill transformed and infected cells. Their activity is controlled by signals derived from a panel of activating and inhibitory receptors. The natural cytotoxicity receptors (NCRs): NKp30, NKp44, and NKp46 (NCR1 in mice) are prominent among the activating NK cell receptors and they are, notably, the only NK-activating receptors that are able to recognize pathogen-derived ligands. In addition, the NCRs also recognize cellular ligands, the identity of which remains largely unknown. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge regarding viruses that are recognized by the NCRs, focusing on the diverse immune-evasion mechanisms employed by viruses to escape this detection. We also discuss the unique role the NCRs have in regulating NK cell activity with particular emphasis on the in vivo function of NKp46/NCR1.

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Abbreviations

ADCC:

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity

DC:

Dendritic cell

HA:

Hemagglutinin

HCMV:

Human cytomegalovirus

HCV:

Hepatitis C virus

HIV-1:

Human immunodeficiency virus 1

HN:

Hemagglutinin-neuraminidase

HSV-1:

Herpes simplex virus type 1

ITAM:

Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based activating motif

ITIM:

Immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibitory motif

IV:

Influenza virus

KIR:

Killer immunoglobulin-like receptor

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

NCR:

Natural cytotoxicity receptor

NK:

Natural killer

PBL:

Peripheral blood leukocytes

PV:

Poxvirus

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Department of Immunology and Cancer Research, The Lautenberg Center for General and Tumor Immunology, IMRIC, Hadassah Medical School, The Hebrew University, 91120, Jerusalem, Israel

    Einat Seidel, Ariella Glasner & Ofer Mandelboim

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  1. Einat Seidel
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  2. Ariella Glasner
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  3. Ofer Mandelboim
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Correspondence to Ofer Mandelboim.

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Seidel, E., Glasner, A. & Mandelboim, O. Virus-mediated inhibition of natural cytotoxicity receptor recognition. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 69, 3911–3920 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-012-1001-x

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-012-1001-x

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