Abstract
Growing evidence suggests that membrane microdomains enriched in cholesterol and sphingomyelin are sites for numerous cellular processes, including signaling, vesicular transport, interaction with pathogens, and viral infection, etc. Recently some members of the annexin family of conserved calcium and membrane-binding proteins have been recognized as cholesterol-interacting molecules and suggested to play a role in the formation, stabilization, and dynamics of membrane microdomains to affect membrane lateral organization and to attract other proteins and signaling molecules onto their territory. Furthermore, annexins were implicated in the interactions between cytosolic and membrane molecules, in the turnover and storage of cholesterol and in various signaling pathways. In this review, we focus on the mechanisms of interaction of annexins with lipid microdomains and the role of annexins in membrane microdomains dynamics including possible participation of the domain-associated forms of annexins in the etiology of human lysosomal storage disease called Niemann-Pick type C disease, related to the abnormal storage of cholesterol in the lysosome-like intracellular compartment. The involvement of annexins and cholesterol/sphingomyelin-enriched membrane microdomains in other pathologies including cardiac dysfunctions, neurodegenerative diseases, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and cancer is likely, but is not supported by substantial experimental observations, and therefore awaits further clarification.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ramjiawan B, Czubryt MP, Gilchrist JS, Pierce GN (1996) Nuclear membrane cholesterol can modulate nuclear nucleoside triphosphatase activity. J Cell Biochem 63:442–452
Reineri S, Bertoni A, Sanna E, Baldassarri S, Sarasso C, Zanfa M, Canobbio I, Torti M, Sinigaglia F (2007) Membrane lipid rafts coordinate estrogen-dependent signaling in human platelets. Biochim Biophys Acta 1773:273–278
Batetta B, Sanna F (2006) Cholesterol metabolism during cell growth: which role for the plasma membrane? Eur J Lipid Sci Technol 108:687–699
Liu JP, Tang Y, Zhou S, Toh BH, McLean C, Li H (2010) Cholesterol involvement in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases. Mol Cell Neurosci 43:33–42
Grewal T, Koese M, Rentero C, Enrich C (2010) Annexin A6-regulator of the EGFR/Ras signalling pathway and cholesterol homeostasis. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 42:580–584
Enrich C, Rentero C, de Muga SV, Reverter M, Mulay V, Wood P, Koese M, Grewal T (2011) Annexin A6-Linking Ca2+ signaling with cholesterol transport. Biochim Biophys Acta 1813:935–947
Harder T, Kellner R, Parton RG, Gruenberg J (1997) Specific release of membrane-bound annexin II and cortical cytoskeletal elements by sequestration of membrane cholesterol. Mol Biol Cell 8:533–545
Oliferenko S, Paiha K, Harder T, Gerke V, Schwärzler C, Schwarz H, Beug H, Günthert U, Huber LA (1999) Analysis of CD44-containing lipid rafts: recruitment of annexin II and stabilization by the actin cytoskeleton. J Cell Biol 146:843–854
Babiychuk EB, Draeger A (2000) Annexins in cell membrane dynamics. Ca2+–regulated association of lipid microdomains. J Cell Biol 150:1113–1124
Babiychuk EB, Draeger A (2006) Biochemical characterization of detergent-resistant membranes: a systematic approach. Biochem J 397:407–416
Carafoli E (2010) The fateful encounter of mitochondria with calcium: how did it happen? Biochim Biophys Acta 1797:595–606
Haiech J, Audran E, Fève M, Ranjeva R, Kilhoffer MC (2011) Revisiting intracellular calcium signaling semantics. Biochimie 93:2029–2037
Gerke V, Creutz CE, Moss SE (2005) Annexins: linking Ca2+ signalling to membrane dynamics. Natl Rev Mol Cell Biol 6:449–461
Lemmon MA (2008) Membrane recognition by phospholipid-binding domains. Natl Rev Mol Cell Biol 9:99–111
Gerke V, Moss SE (2002) Annexins: from structure to function. Physiol Rev 82:331–371
Draeger A, Monastyrskaya K, Babiychuk EB (2011) Plasma membrane repair and cellular damage control: the annexin survival kit. Biochem Pharmcol 81:703–712
Futter CE, White IJ (2007) Annexins and endocytosis. Traffic 8:951–958
Hayes MJ, Longbottom RE, Evans MA, Moss SE (2007) Annexinopathies. Subcell Biochem 45:1–28
Lim LH, Pervaiz S (2007) Annexin 1: the new face of an old molecule. FASEB J 21:968–975
Fatimathas L, Moss SE (2010) Annexins as disease modifiers. Histol Histopathol 25:527–532
Mukherjee S, Maxfield FR (2004) Lipid and cholesterol trafficking in NPC. Biochim Biophys Acta 1685:28–37
Lindner R, Naim HY (2009) Domains in biological membranes. Exp Cell Res 315:2871–2878
Pike LJ (2009) The challenge of lipid rafts. J Lipid Res. 50 Suppl:S323-S328
Hao YH, Chen JW (2001) Influence of cholesterol on the biophysical properties of the sphingomyelin/DOPC binary system. J Membr Biol 183:85–92
Schuck S, Simons K (2004) Polarized sorting in epithelial cells: raft clustering and the biogenesis of the apical membrane. J Cell Sci 117:5955–5964
Simons K, Sampaio JL (2011) Membrane organization and lipid rafts. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 3:a004697
Bonnin S, El Kirat K, Becchi M, Dubois M, Grangeasse C, Giraud C, Prigent A-F, Lagarde M, Roux B, Besson F (2003) Protein and lipid analysis of detergent-resistant membranes isolated from bovine kidney. Biochimie 85:1237–1244
Coskun U, Simons K (2010) Membrane rafting: from apical sorting to phase segregation. FEBS Lett 584:1685–1693
Maeda Y, Kinoshita T (2011) Structural remodeling, trafficking and functions of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins. Prog Lipid Res 50:411–424
Giocondi MC, Besson F, Dosset P, Milhiet PE, Le Grimellec C (2007) Remodeling of ordered membrane domains by GPI-anchored intestinal alkaline phosphatase. Langmuir 23:9358–9364
Levental I, Grzybek M, Simons K (2010) Greasing their way: lipid modifications determine protein association with membrane rafts. Biochemistry 49:6305–6316
Coskun U, Simons K (2011) Cell membranes: the lipid perspective. Structure 19:1543–1548
Edidin M (2003) The state of lipid rafts: from model membranes to cells. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 32:257–283
Shaikh SR, Edidin MA (2006) Membranes are not just rafts. Chem Phys Lipids 144:1–3
Shah MB, Sehgal PB (2007) Nondetergent isolation of rafts. Methods Mol Biol 398:21–28
Persaud-Sawin DA, Lightcap S, Harry GJ (2009) Isolation of rafts from mouse brain tissue by a detergent-free method. J Lipid Res 50:759–767
Wassall SR, Brzustowicz MR, Shaikh SR, Cherezov V, Caffrey M, Stillwell W (2004) Order from disorder, corralling cholesterol with chaotic lipids. The role of polyunsaturated lipids in membrane raft formation. Chem Phys Lipids 132:79–88
Castro BM, Silva LC, Fedorov A, de Almeida RF, Prieto M (2009) Cholesterol-rich fluid membranes solubilize ceramide domains: implications for the structure and dynamics of mammalian intracellular and plasma membranes. J Biol Chem 284:22978–22987
van den Bogaart G, Meyenberg K, Risselada HJ, Amin H, Willig KI, Hubrich BE, Dier M, Hell SW, Grubmüller H, Diederichsen U, Jahn R (2011) Membrane protein sequestering by ionic protein-lipid interactions Nature 479:552–555
Quinn PJ, Wolf C (2010) An X-ray diffraction study of model membrane raft structures. FEBS J 277:4685–4698
Martinez-Seara H, Róg T, Karttunen M, Vattulainen I, Reigada R (2010) Cholesterol induces specific spatial and orientational order in cholesterol/phospholipid membranes. PLoS One 5:e11162
Nasir MN, Besson F (2011) Specific interactions of mycosubtilin with cholesterol-containing artificial membranes. Langmuir 27:10785–10792
Björkbom A, Róg T, Kaszuba K, Kurita M, Yamaguchi S, Lönnfors M, Nyholm TK, Vattulainen I, Katsumura S, Slotte JP (2010) Effect of sphingomyelin headgroup size on molecular properties and interactions with cholesterol. Biophys J 99:3300–3308
Kahya N (2010) Protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions in domain-assembly: lessons from giant unilamellar vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta 1798:1392–1398
Banerji S, Ngo M, Lane CF, Robinson CA, Minogue S, Ridgway ND (2010) Oxysterol binding protein-dependent activation of sphingomyelin synthesis in the Golgi apparatus requires phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIα. Mol Biol Cell 21:4141–4150
Bonnon C, Wendeler MW, Paccaud JP, Hauri HP (2010) Selective export of human GPI-anchored proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Sci 123:1705–1715
Hummel I Klappe K, Ercan C, Kok JW (2011) Multidrug resistance-related protein 1 (MRP1) function and localization depend on cortical actin. Mol Pharmacol 79:229-240
Lasley RD (2011) Adenosine receptors and membrane microdomains. Biochim Biophys Acta 1808:1284–1289
Zhang C, Li PL (2010) Membrane raft redox signalosomes in endothelial cells. Free Radic Res 44:831–842
Dart C (2010) Lipid microdomains and the regulation of ion channel function. J Physiol 588:3169–3178
Ganapathi SB, Fox TE, Kester M, Elmslie KS (2010) Ceramide modulates HERG potassium channel gating by translocation into lipid rafts. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 299:C74–C86
Sones WR, Davis AJ, Leblanc N, Greenwood IA (2010) Cholesterol depletion alters amplitude and pharmacology of vascular calcium-activated chloride channels. Cardiovasc Res 87:476–484
Woudenberg J, Rembacz KP, Hoekstra M, Pellicoro A, van den Heuvel FA, Heegsma J, van Ijzendoorn SC, Holzinger A, Imanaka T, Moshage H, Faber KN (2010) Lipid rafts are essential for peroxisome biogenesis in HepG2 cells. Hepatology 52:623–633
Tang H, Mori Y (2010) Human herpesvirus-6 entry into host cells. Future Microbiol 5:1015–1023
Galan C, Woodard GE, Dionisio N, Salido GM, Rosado JA (2010) Lipid rafts modulate the activation but not the maintenance of store-operated Ca2+ entry. Biochim Biophys Acta 1803:1083–1093
Lin S, Wang XM, Nadeau PE, Mergia A (2010) J HIV infection upregulates caveolin 1 expression to restrict virus production. Virol 84:9487–9496
Gentil-dit-Maurin A, Oun S, Almagro S, Bouillot S, Courçon M, Linnepe R, Vestweber D, Huber P, Tillet E (2010) Unraveling the distinct distributions of VE- and N-cadherins in endothelial cells: a key role for p120-catenin. Exp Cell Res 316:2587–2599
Fang Z, Takizawa N, Wilson KA, Smith TC, Delprato A, Davidson MW, Lambright DG, Luna EJ (2010) The membrane-associated protein, supervillin, accelerates F-actin-dependent rapid integrin recycling and cell motility. Traffic 11:782–799
Baron S, Vangheluwe P, Sepúlveda MR, Wuytack F, Raeymaekers L, Vanoevelen J (2010) The secretory pathway Ca2+-ATPase 1 is associated with cholesterol-rich microdomains of human colon adenocarcinoma cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1798:1512–1521
Simons K, Ikonen E (2000) How cells handle cholesterol. Science 290:1721–1726
Klappe K, Dijkhuis AJ, Hummel I, van Dam A, Ivanova PT, Milne SB, Myers DS, Brown HA, Permentier H, Kok JW (2010) Extensive sphingolipid depletion does not affect lipid raft integrity or lipid raft localization and efflux function of the ABC transporter MRP1. Biochem J 430:519–529
Hayashi T, Su TP (2010) Cholesterol at the endoplasmic reticulum: roles of the sigma-1 receptor chaperone and implications thereof in human diseases. Subcell Biochem 51:381–398
Das M, Das DK (2009) Lipid raft in cardiac health and disease. Curr Cardiol Rev 5:105–111
Valapala M, Vishwanatha JK (2011) Lipid raft endocytosis and exosomal transport facilitate extracellular trafficking of annexin A2. J Biol Chem 286:30911–30925
Feuk-Lagerstedt E, Movitz C, Pellmé S, Dahlgren C, Karlsson A (2007) Lipid raft proteome of the human neutrophil azurophil granule. Proteomics 7:194–205
Godoy V, Riquelme G (2008) Distinct lipid rafts in subdomains from human placental apical syncytiotrophoblast membranes. J Membr Biol 224:21–31
Staubach S, Razawi H, Hanisch FG (2009) Proteomics of MUC1-containing lipid rafts from plasma membranes and exosomes of human breast carcinoma cells MCF-7. Proteomics 9:2820–2835
Golczak M, Kirilenko A, Bandorowicz–Pikula J, Desbat B, Pikula S (2004) Structure of human annexin A6 at the air–water interface and in a membrane–bound state. Biophys J 87:1215–1226
Lambert O, Cavusoglu N, Gallay J, Vincent M, Rigaud JL, Henry JP, Ayala–Sanmartin J (2004) Novel organization and properties of annexin 2–membrane complexes. J Biol Chem 279:10872–10882
Golczak M, Kicinska A, Bandorowicz-Pikula J, Buchet R, Szewczyk A, Pikula S (2001) Acidic pH-induced folding of annexin VI is a prerequisite for its insertion into lipid bilayers and formation of ion channels by the protein molecules. FASEB J 15:1083–1085
Cornely R, Rentero C, Enrich C, Grewal T, Gaus K (2011) Annexin A6 is an organizer of membrane microdomains to regulate receptor localization and signalling. IUBMB Life 63:1009–1017
Jeon JY, Hwang SY, Cho SH, Choo J, Lee EK (2010) Effect of cholesterol content on affinity and stability of factor VIII and annexin V binding to a liposomal bilayer membrane. Chem Phys Lipids 163:335–340
Almeida PF, Best A, Hinderliter A (2011) Monte Carlo simulation of protein-induced lipid demixing in a membrane with interactions derived from experiment. Biophys J 101:1930–1937
Kastl K, Ross M, Gerke V, Steinem C (2002) Kinetics and thermodynamics of annexin A1 binding to solid-supported membranes: a QCM study. Biochemistry 41:10087–10094
Heyraud S, Jaquinod M, Durmort C, Dambroise E, Concord E, Schaal JP, Huber P, Gulino-Debrac D (2008) Contribution of annexin 2 to the architecture of mature endothelial adherens junctions. Mol Cell Biol 28:1657–1668
Ayala–Sanmartin J (2001) Cholesterol enhances phospholipid binding and aggregation of annexins by their core domain. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 283:72–79
Chasserot-Golaz S, Vitale N, Umbrecht-Jenck E, Knight D, Gerke V, Bader MF (2005) Annexin 2 promotes the formation of lipid microdomains required for calcium-regulated exocytosis of dense-core vesicles. Mol Biol Cell 16:1108–1119
de Diego I, Schwartz F, Siegfried H, Dauterstedt P, Heeren J, Beisiegel U, Enrich C, Thomas Grewal T (2002) Cholesterol modulates the membrane binding and intracellular distribution of annexin 6. J Biol Chem 277:32187–32194
Ayala–Sanmartin J, Henry JP, Pradel LA (2001) Cholesterol regulates membrane binding and aggregation by annexin 2 at submicromolar Ca2+ concentration. Biochim Biophys Acta 1510:18–28
Morel E, Parton R, Gruenberg J (2009) Annexin A2–dependent polymerization of actin mediates endosome biogenesis. Dev Cell 16:445–457
Jäckle S, Beisiegel U, Rinninger F, Buck F, Grigoleit A, Block A, Gröger I, Greten H, Windler E (1994) Annexin VI, a marker protein of hepatocytic endosomes. J Biol Chem 269:1026–1032
Pol A, Ortega D, Enrich C (1997) Identification of cytoskeleton–associated proteins in isolated rat liver endosomes. Biochem J 327:741–746
Grewal T, Heeren J, Mewawala D, Schnitgerhans T, Wendt D, Salomon G, Enrich C, Beisiegel U, Jäckle S (2000) Annexin VI stimulates endocytosis and is involved in the trafficking of low density lipoprotein to the prelysosomal compartment. J Biol Chem 275:33806–33813
Reverter M, Rentero C, de Muga SV, Alvarez-Guaita A, Mulay V, Cairns R, Wood P, Monastyrskaya K, Pol A, Tebar F, Blasi J, Grewal T, Enrich C (2011) Cholesterol transport from late endosomes to the Golgi regulates t-SNARE trafficking, assembly, and function. Mol Biol Cell 22:4108–4123
Pons M, Ihrke G, Koch S, Biermer M, Pol A, Grewal T, Jäckle S, Enrich C (2000) Late endocytic compartments are major sites of annexin VI localization in NRK fibroblasts and polarized WIF–B hepatoma cells. Exp Cell Res 257:33–47
Pons M, Grewal T, Rius E, Schnitgerhans T, Jäckle S, Enrich C (2001) Evidence for the involvement of annexin 6 in the trafficking between the endocytic compartment and lysosomes. Exp Cell Res 269:13–22
Grewal T, Enrich C (2009) Annexins - modulators of EGF receptor signalling and trafficking. Cell Signal 21:847–858
Babiychuk EB, Palstra RJTS, Schaller J, Kämpfer U, Draeger A (1999) Annexin VI participates in the formation of a reversible, membrane–cytoskeleton complex in smooth muscle cells. J Biol Chem 274:35191–35195
Hayes MJ, Rescher U, Gerke V, Moss SE (2004) Annexin–actin interactions. Traffic 5:571–576
Monastyrskaya K, Babiychuk EB, Hostettler A, Wood P, Grewal T, Draeger A (2009) Plasma membrane-associated annexin A6 reduces Ca2+ entry by stabilizing the cortical actin cytoskeleton. J Biol Chem 284:17227–17242
Grewal T, Enrich C (2006) Molecular mechanisms involved in Ras inactivation: the annexin A6–p120GAP complex. BioEssays 28:1211–1220
Lafont F, Lecat S, Verkade P, Simons K (1998) Annexin XIIIb associates with lipid microdomains to function in apical delivery. J Cell Biol 142:1413–1427
Astanina K, Delebinski CI, Delacour D, Jacob R (2010) Annexin XIIIb guides raft-dependent and -independent apical traffic in MDCK cells. Eur J Cell Biol 89:799–806
Faiss S, Kastl K, Janshoff A, Steinem C (2008) Formation of irreversibly bound annexin A1 protein domains on POPC/POPS solid supported membranes. Biochem Biophys Acta 1778:1601–1610
Mayran N, Parton RG, Gruenberg J (2003) Annexin II regulates multivesicular endosome biogenesis in the degradation pathway of animal cells. EMBO J 22:3242–3253
Ross M, Gerke V, Steinem C (2003) Membrane composition affects the reversibility of annexin A2t binding to solid supported membranes: a QCM study. Biochemistry 42:3131–3141
Zeuschner D, Stoorvogel W, Gerke V (2001) Association of annexin 2 with recycling endosomes requires either calcium- or cholesterol-stabilized membrane domains. Eur J Cell Biol 80:499–507
Jeon JY, Hwang SY, Cho SH, Choo J, Lee EK (2010) Effect of cholesterol content on affinity and stability of factor VIII and annexin V binding to a liposomal bilayer membrane. Chem Phys Lipids 163:335–340
Almeida PF, Best A, Hinderliter A (2011) Monte Carlo simulation of protein-induced lipid demixing in a membrane with interactions derived from experiment. Biophys J 101:1930–1937
Johnson SA, Stinson BM, Go MS, Carmona LM, Reminick JI, Fang X, Baumgart T (2010) Temperature-dependent phase behavior and protein partitioning in giant plasma membrane vesicles. Biochim Biophys Acta 1798:1427–1435
Domon M, Matar G, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Bandorowicz-Pikula J, Pikula S, Besson F (2010) Interaction of annexin A6 with cholesterol rich membranes is pH-dependent and mediated by the sterol OH. J Colloid Interface Sci 346:436–441
Li X, Becker KA, Zhang Y (2010) Ceramide in redox signaling and cardiovascular diseases. Cell Physiol Biochem. 26:41–48
Schwarzer S, Nobles M, Tinker A (2010) Do caveolae have a role in the fidelity and dynamics of receptor activation of G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying potassium channels? J Biol Chem 285:27817–27826
Tobe T (2010) Cytoskeleton-modulating effectors of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli: role of EspL2 in adherence and an alternative pathway for modulating cytoskeleton through annexin A2 function. FEBS J 277:2403–2408
Ono A (2010) Relationships between plasma membrane microdomains and HIV-1 assembly. Biol Cell 102:335–350
Vetrivel KS, Thinakaran G (2010) Membrane rafts in Alzheimer’s disease beta-amyloid production. Biochim Biophys Acta 1801:860–867
Schengrund CL (2010) Lipid rafts: keys to neurodegeneration. Brain Res Bull 82:7–17
Boini KM, Zhang C, Xia M, Han WQ, Brimson C, Poklis JL, Li PL (2010) Visfatin-induced lipid raft redox signaling platforms and dysfunction in glomerular endothelial cells. Biochim Biophys Acta 1801:1294–1304
Murai T, Maruyama Y, Mio K, Nishiyama H, Suga M, Sato C (2011) Low cholesterol triggers membrane microdomain-dependent CD44 shedding and suppresses tumor cell migration. J Biol Chem 286:1999–2007
Park EK, Lee EJ, Lee SH, Koo KH, Sung JY, Hwang EH, Park JH, Kim CW, Jeong KC, Park BK, Kim YN (2010) Induction of apoptosis by the ginsenoside Rh2 by internalization of lipid rafts and caveolae and inactivation of Akt. Br J Pharmacol 160:1212–1223
Staubach S, Hanisch FG (2011) Lipid rafts: signaling and sorting platforms of cells and their roles in cancer. Expert Rev Proteomics 8:263–277
Assaife-Lopes N, Sousa VC, Pereira DB, Ribeiro JA, Chao MV, Sebastião AM (2010) Activation of adenosine A2A receptors induces TrkB translocation and increases BDNF-mediated phospho-TrkB localization in lipid rafts: implications for neuromodulation. J Neurosci 30:8468–8480
Chichili GR, Westmuckett AD, Rodgers W (2010) T cell signal regulation by the actin cytoskeleton. J Biol Chem 285:14737–14746
Ponce J, Brea D, Carrascal M, Guirao V, Degregorio-Rocasolano N, Sobrino T, Castillo J, Dávalos A, Gasull T (2010) The effect of simvastatin on the proteome of detergent-resistant membrane domains: decreases of specific proteins previously related to cytoskeleton regulation, calcium homeostasis and cell fate. Proteomics 10:1954–1965
Carrasco MP, Jiménez-López JM, Ríos-Marco P, Segovia JL, Marco C (2010) Disruption of cellular cholesterol transport and homeostasis as a novel mechanism of action of membrane-targeted alkylphospholipid analogues. Br J Pharmacol 160:355–366
Pommier AJ, Alves G, Viennois E, Bernard S, Communal Y, Sion B, Marceau G, Damon C, Mouzat K, Caira F, Baron S, Lobaccaro JM (2010) Liver X Receptor activation downregulates AKT survival signaling in lipid rafts and induces apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Oncogene 29:2712–2723
Fuller M (2010) Sphingolipids: the nexus between Gaucher disease and insulin resistance. Lipids Health Dis 9:113
Li X, Becker KA, Zhang Y (2010) Ceramide in redox signaling and cardiovascular diseases. Cell Physiol Biochem 26:41–48
Stögbauer F, Weigert J, Neumeier M, Wanninger J, Sporrer D, Weber M, Schefler A, Enrich C, Wood P, Grewal T, Aslanidis C, Buechler C (2009) Annexin A6 is highly abundant in monocytes of obese and type 2 diabetic individuals and is downregulated by adiponectin in vitro. Exp Mol Med 41:501–507
Sztolsztener ME, Strzelecka-Kiliszek A, Pikula S, Tylki-Szymanska A, Bandorowicz-Pikula J (2009) Cholesterol as a factor regulating intracellular localization of annexin A6 in Niemann-Pick type C human skin fibroblasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 493:221–233
Domon MM, Besson F, Bandorowicz-Pikula J, Pikula S (2011) Annexin A6 is recruited into lipid rafts of Niemann-Pick type C disease fibroblasts in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 405:192–196
Schiffmann R (2010) Therapeutic approaches for neuronopathic lysosomal storage disorders. J Inherit Metab Dis 33:373–379
Scott C, Ioannou YA (2004) The NPC1 protein: structure implies function. Biochim Biophys Acta 1685:8–13
Blom TS, Linder MD, Snow K, Pihko H, Hess MW, Jokitalo E, Veckman V, Syvänen AC, Ikonen E (2003) Defective endocytic trafficking of NPC1 and NPC2 underlying infantile Niemann–Pick type C disease. Hum Mol Genet 12:257–272
Ory DS (2000) Niemann-Pick type C: a disorder of cellular cholesterol trafficking. Biochim Biophys Acta 1529:331–339
Ko DC, Binkley J, Sidow A, Scott MP (2003) The integrity of a cholesterol–binding pocket in Niemann–Pick C2 protein is necessary to control lysosome cholesterol levels. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:2518–2525
Infante RE, Wang ML, Radhakrishnan A, Kwon HJ, Brown MS, Goldstein JL (2008) NPC2 facilitates bidirectional transfer of cholesterol between NPC1 and lipid bilayers, a step in cholesterol egress from lysosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 105:15287–15292
Mukherjee S, Maxfield F (2000) Role of membrane organization and membrane domains in endocytic lipid trafficking. Traffic 1:203–211
Vanier MT, Millat G (2003) Niemann–Pick disease type C. Clin Genet 64:269–281
Chang TY, Reid PC, Sugii S, Ohgami N, Cruz JC, Chang CC (2005) Niemann–Pick type C disease and intracellular cholesterol trafficking. J Biol Chem 280:20917–20920
Lange Y, Ye J, Rigney M, Steck TL (1999) Regulation of endoplasmic reticulum cholesterol by plasma membrane cholesterol. J Lipid Res 40:2264–2270
Troup GM, Wrenn SP (2004) Temperature and cholesterol composition-dependent behavior of 1-myristoyl-2-[12-[(5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl) amino] dodecanoyl]-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine in 1, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine membranes. Chem Phys Lipids 131:167–182
Cornely R, Rentero C, Enrich C, Grewal T, Gaus K (2011) Annexin A6 is an organizer of membrane microdomains to regulate receptor localization and signalling. IUBMB Life 63:1009–1017
te Vruchte D, Lloyd–Evans E, Veldman RJ, Neville DC, Dwek RA, Platt FM, van Blitterswijk WJ, Sillence DJ (2004) Accumulation of glycosphingolipids in Niemann–Pick C disease disrupts endosomal transport. J Biol Chem 279:26167–26175
Cubells L, Vilà de Muga S, Tebar F, Wood P, Evans R, Ingelmo–Torres M, Calvo M, Gaus K, Pol A, Grewal T, Enrich C (2007) Annexin A6–induced alterations in cholesterol transport and caveolin export from the Golgi complex. Traffic 8:1568–1589
Cubells L, Vilà de Muga S, Tebar F, Bonventre JV, Balsinde J, Pol A, Grewal T, Enrich C (2008) Annexin A6–induced inhibition of cytoplasmic phospholipase A2 is linked to caveolin–1 export from the Golgi. J Biol Chem 283:10174–10183
Mayer G, Poirier S, Seidah NG (2008) Annexin A2 is a C-terminal PCSK9-binding protein that regulates endogenous low density lipoprotein receptor levels. J Biol Chem 283:31791–31801
Davignon J, Dubuc G, Seidah NG (2010) The influence of PCSK9 polymorphisms on serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and risk of atherosclerosis. Curr Atheroscler Rep 12:308–315
Valasek MA, Weng J, Shaul PW, Anderson RG, Repa JJ (2005) Caveolin-1 is not required for murine intestinal cholesterol transport. J Biol Chem 280:28103–28109
Acknowledgments
MD was a recipient of a stipend from the French Embassy in Warsaw. MNN and GM were recipients of PhD fellowships from the French Ministry of Higher Education and Research. The annexin-cholesterol project is supported in part by a grant NN401642740 from the National Science Center to JBP, by a grant NN401139839 from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education to SP, by Polonium (JBP and FB), PICS (SP) and by CNRS (FB).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Domon, M., Nasir, M.N., Matar, G. et al. Annexins as organizers of cholesterol- and sphingomyelin-enriched membrane microdomains in Niemann-Pick type C disease. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 69, 1773–1785 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0894-0
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-011-0894-0