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TLR4 polymorphisms and disease susceptibility

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Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a central role in the regulation of the host immune system. Each TLR recognizes specific pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs). TLR4 is one of the well characterized pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs) that recognizes the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of Gram-negative bacteria, some conserved structures from fungal to mycobacterial pathogens and some endogenous ligands. A complex signaling cascade initiates after the ligand binds to the TLR4 ectodomain, leading to the activation of multiple inflammatory genes. Genetic variations greatly influence immune responses towards pathogenic challenges and disease outcome. In this review, we summarize various reports regarding TLR4 polymorphisms and disease susceptibility.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NUST Centre of Virology and Immunology (NCVI), National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), H-12, Islamabad, Pakistan

    Mamoona Noreen, Muhammad Ali A. Shah, Sheeba Murad Mall, Shazia Choudhary, Tahir Hussain, Iltaf Ahmed, Syed Fazal Jalil & Muhammad Imran Raza

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  1. Mamoona Noreen
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  2. Muhammad Ali A. Shah
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  3. Sheeba Murad Mall
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  7. Syed Fazal Jalil
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Correspondence to Muhammad Ali A. Shah.

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Responsible Editor: Kumar Visvanathan.

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Noreen, M., Shah, M.A.A., Mall, S.M. et al. TLR4 polymorphisms and disease susceptibility. Inflamm. Res. 61, 177–188 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-011-0427-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00011-011-0427-1

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