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Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-10 Levels as Markers to Predict Outcome of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Different Risk Groups Defined by the IGHV Mutation Status

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Archivum Immunologiae et Therapiae Experimentalis Aims and scope

Abstract

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-10 are cytokines involved in the balance between cell-mediated and humoral immunity. We investigated whether serum TNF-α and IL-10 levels have any impact on clinical outcome of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). TNF-α and IL-10 levels were determined in the serum of 160 CLL patients at the time of diagnosis. The cytokine low-risk group consisted of patients with either TNF-α and IL-10 levels below their medians or those with only one elevated parameter. Both TNF-α and IL-10 levels greater than or equal to their medians defined the cytokine high-risk group. The high-risk patients presented a shorter 3-year treatment-free survival (TFS) than low-risk subjects (15 vs. 69.6 %; p < 0.0001). The high-risk group (p = 0.0002) along with high leukocyte count (p < 0.0001) and unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region genes (p < 0.0001) independently predict the risk of progression in patients with Rai stage 0–II. Furthermore, the high-risk group had an independent prognostic impact on shorter TFS both in patients with mutated (24.3 vs. 78.2 %; p < 0.0001) and unmutated (8.2 vs. 49 %; p = 0.004) immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable region genes (IGHV) as compared to the low-risk group. The estimated 5-year overall survival (OS) of high-risk patients was shorter than those in the low-risk group (83.3 vs. 97.1 %; p = 0.003). Multivariate analysis demonstrated the cytokine high-risk group (p = 0.02) followed by Rai stage III–IV (p = 0.048) to be independent factors predicting shorter OS. At diagnosis, TNF-α and IL-10 may predict the outcome of patients with CLL.

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by a grant N N402 209135 from the Ministry of Science, Warsaw, Poland.

Conflict of interest

The authors reported no potential conflicts of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Indiry Gandhi 14 str, 02-776, Warsaw, Poland

    Ewa Lech-Maranda, Hanna Makuch-Lasica, Grazyna Nowak, Przemyslaw Bilinski & Krzysztof Warzocha

  2. Department of Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

    Ewa Lech-Maranda, Ewa Wawrzyniak & Tadeusz Robak

  3. Department of Experimental Hematology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

    Olga Grzybowska-Izydorczyk & Barbara Cebula-Obrzut

  4. Department of Pediatrics, Oncology, Hematology and Diabetology, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland

    Krystyna Wyka, Wojciech Mlynarski, Maciej Borowiec, Karolina Antosik & Gabriela Klimkiewicz-Wojciechowska

  5. Chief Sanitary Inspectorate, Warsaw, Poland

    Przemyslaw Bilinski

Authors
  1. Ewa Lech-Maranda
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  2. Olga Grzybowska-Izydorczyk
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  8. Hanna Makuch-Lasica
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  11. Ewa Wawrzyniak
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  12. Przemyslaw Bilinski
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  13. Tadeusz Robak
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  14. Krzysztof Warzocha
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Correspondence to Ewa Lech-Maranda.

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Lech-Maranda, E., Grzybowska-Izydorczyk, O., Wyka, K. et al. Serum Tumor Necrosis Factor-α and Interleukin-10 Levels as Markers to Predict Outcome of Patients with Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia in Different Risk Groups Defined by the IGHV Mutation Status. Arch. Immunol. Ther. Exp. 60, 477–486 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-012-0197-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00005-012-0197-7

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