Skip to main content
Log in

The effect of historical, nonfiction trade books on elementary students’ perceptions of scientists

  • Published:
Journal of Elementary Science Education

Abstract

Elementary students perceive scientists in stereotypical ways. This study examined the influence of historical, nonfiction trade books on children’s images of scientists. Of the 13 self-contained third grade classrooms (n=156), six randomly assigned teachers were instructed to read one trade book each week for six weeks to supplement their modular/kit-based instruction (n=72). The other seven classrooms received only modular/kit-based instruction (n=84). In the evaluation of their drawings, the treatment group demonstrated a broader perception of who does science, where science is done, and what activities scientists do, and they were able to maintain their broadened perception for four weeks after the intervention.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Barman, C. (1997). Students’ views of scientists and science: Results from a national study. Science andChildren, 35, 18–23.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bodzin, A., & Gehringer, M. (2001). Breaking science stereotypes: Can meeting actual scientists change students’ perceptions of scientists?Science and Children, 38, 24–27.

    Google Scholar 

  • Borko, H. (1992). The integration of content and pedagogy in teaching. In A. L. Gardner & K. F. Cochran (Eds.),Critical issues reforming elementary teacher preparation in mathematics and science. Conference Proceedings. Greely: University of Northern Colorado.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandenberg, A. (1998).A weed is a flower. New York: Aladdin Library.

    Google Scholar 

  • Butzow C. M., & Butzow, J. W. (1989).Science through children’s literature: An integrated approach (2nd ed.). Englewood, CO: Teacher Ideas.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chambers, D. W. (1983). Stereotypic images of the scientist: The draw-a-scientist test.Science Education, 67, 255–265.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Enochs, L. G., & Riggs, L. M. (1990). Further development of elementary science teaching efficacy belief scale instrument: A preservice elementary scale.School Science and Mathematics, 90, 694–706.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Entwisle, D. R., & Greenberger, E. (1972). Adolescents’ views of women’s work roles.American Journal of Orthopsychology, 42, 648–656.

    Google Scholar 

  • Erb, T. O. (1981). Attitudes of early adolescents toward science, women in science, and science careers. In T. O. Erb (Ed.),Middle school research. Selected studies 1981, (pp. 108–118). Fairborn, OH: The Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farland, D. (2002a).Jungle Jane. Oxford, MA: Authentic Perceptions Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farland, D. (2002b).Archimedes, dilemma. Oxford, MA: Authentic Perceptions Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farland, D. (2002c).It takes two: The story of the Watson & Crick team. Oxford, MA: Authentic Perceptions Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Farland, D. (2003).Modified draw-a-scientist test. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Massachusetts, Lowell.

    Google Scholar 

  • Finson, K. D. (2002a).A multicultural comparison of draw-a-scientist test drawings of eighth graders. Paper presented at the annual international conference of the Association of Educators of Teachers of Science, Charlotte, NC.

  • Finson, K. D. (2002b). Drawing a scientist: What we do and do not know after fifty years of drawings.School Science and Mathematics, 102(7), 335–346.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Finson, K. D., Beaver, J. B., & Crammond, B. L. (1995). Development and field test of a checklist for the Draw-A-Scientist Test.School Science and Mathematics, 95(4), 195–205.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Flick, L. (1990). Scientist in residence program: Improving children’s images of science and scientists.School Science and Mathematics, 90(3), 204–214.

    Google Scholar 

  • Fort, D. C., & Varney, H. L. (1989). How students see scientists: Mostly male, mostly white, mostly benevolent.Science & Children, 26, 8–13.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gettys, L., & Cann, A. (1981). Children’s perceptions of occupational sex stereotypes.Sex Roles, 7, 301–308.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gottfredson, L. S. (1981). Circumscription & compromise: A developmental theory of occupational aspirations.Journal of Counseling Psychology, 28, 545–579.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Higher Education Research Institute. (2002).Science and engineering indicators. University of California, Survey of Freshmen: National Norms.

  • Mason, C. L. (1986).Students’ attitudes toward science and science-related careers: An investigation of the efficacy of a high school biology teachers’ intervention program. Dissertation Abstracts International, 47 (University Microfilms No. DA8622192).

  • Mead, M., & Metraux, R. (1957). The image of the scientist amongst high school students. In B. Barber & W. Hirsch (Eds.),The sociology of science (pp. 38–61). Lewes, England: Falmer Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Research Council (NRC). (1996).National science education standards. Washington, DC: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Science Board. (1986). Task committee on undergraduate science and engineering education: Undergraduate science, mathematics and engineering education. Washington, DC: Author.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Science Foundation. (2000). Representation in science and engineering: In women, minorities, and persons with disabilities in science and engineering. Washington, DC: Author

    Google Scholar 

  • Rice, D. C., & Snipes, C. (1997).Children’s trade books: Do they affect the development of science concepts? Paper presented at the annual meeting of the National Association for Research in Science Teaching, Oak Brook, IL.

  • Roach, L. E., & Wandersee, J. H. (1993). Short story science: Using historical vignettes as a teaching tool.Science Teacher, 60, 18–21.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schibeci, R. A., & Sorenson, I. (1983). Elementary school children’s perceptions of scientists.School Science Mathematics, 83, 14–19.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Shymansky, J. A. (1989). What research says about ESS, SCIS, & SAPA.Science and Children, 26, 33–35.

    Google Scholar 

  • Shymansky, J. A., Kyle, W. C., & Alport, J. (1982). How effective were the hands-on science programs of yesterday?Science and Children, 20(3), 14–15.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sis, P. (1996).Starry messenger. New York: Farrar Straust Giroux.

    Google Scholar 

  • Smith, W. S., & Erb, T. O. (1986). Effect of women science career role models on early adolescents’ attitudes toward scientists and women in science,Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 23, 667–676.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, D. C., & Neale, D. C. (1989). The construction of subject matter knowledge in primary science teaching.Teaching and Teacher Education, 5, 1–20.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yager, R. E., & Yager, S. O. (1985). Changes in perceptions of science for third, seventh and eleventh grade students.Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 22, 347–358.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Yannuzzi, D. A. (1998).Mae Jemison: A space biography. Berkeley Heights, NJ: Enslow Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Donna Farland.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Farland, D. The effect of historical, nonfiction trade books on elementary students’ perceptions of scientists. J Elem Sci Edu 18, 31–47 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03174686

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03174686

Keywords

Navigation