Abstract
A bioassay was used to evaluate the effects of cuticular leaf components, isolated fromN. tabacum, N. glutinosa (accessions 24 and 24a), and 23other Nicotiana species, on germinationof P. tabacina (blue mold). The leaf surface compounds includedα- andβ-4,8,13,-duvatriene-l,3-diols (DVT-diols), (13-E)-labda-13-ene-8α-,15-diol (labdenediol), (12-Z)-labda-12,14-diene-8α-ol (cis-abienol), (13-R)-labda-8,14-diene-13-ol (manool), 2-hydroxymanool, a mixture of (13-R)-labda-14-ene-8α,13-diol (sclareol), and (13-S)-labda-14-ene-8α,13-diol (episclareol), and various glucose and/or sucrose ester isolates. The above in acetone were applied onto leaf disks of the blue moldsusceptibleN. tabacum cv. TI 1406, which was then inoculated with blue mold sporangia. Estimated IC50 values (inhibitory concentration) were 3.0μg/cm2 forα-DVT-diol, 2.9μ/cm2 forβ-DVT-diol, 0.4μg/cm2 for labdenediol and 4.7μg/cm2 for the sclareol mixture. Manool, 2-hydroxymanool, andcis-abienol at application rates up to 30μg/cm2 had little or no effect on sporangium germination. Glucose and/or sucrose ester isolates from the cuticular leaf extracts of 23Nicotiana species and three different fractions fromN. bigelovii were also evaluated for antimicrobial activity at a concentration of 30μg/cm2. Germination was inhibited by >20% when exposed to sugar esters isolated fromN. acuminata, N. benthamiana, N. attenuata, N. clevelandii, andN. miersii, and accessions 10 and 12 ofN. bigelovii. These results imply that a number of compounds may influence resistance to blue mold in tobacco.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bailey, J.A., Vincent, G.G., andBurden, R.S. 1974. Diterpenes fromNicotiana glutinosa and their effect on fungal growth.J. Gen. Microbiol. 85:57–64.
Behnke, H.D. 1984. Plant trichomes-structure and ultrastructure: General terminology, taxonomic applications, and aspects of trichome-bacteria interaction in leaf tips ofDioscorea, pp. 1–21, in E. Rodriguez, P.L. Healey, and I. Metha (eds.). Biology and Chemistry of Plant Trichomes. Plenum Press, New York.
Cohen, Y., andKu, J. 1980. Infectifity of conidia ofPeronospora tabacina after freezing and thawing.Plant Dis. 64:549–550.
Cruickshank, I.A.M., Perrin, D.R., andMandryk, M. 1977. Fungitoxicity of duvatrienediols associated with the cuficular wax of tobacco leaves.Phytopathol. Z. 90:243–249.
Cutler, H.G.,Severson, R.F.,Cole, P.D.,Jackson, D.M., andJohnson, A.W. 1986. Secondary metabolites from higher plants, pp. 178–196, in M.B. Green and P.A. Hedin (eds.). Natural Resistance of Plants to Pests: Roles of Allelochemicals. American Chemical Society Symposium Series No. 296, Washington, D.C.
Hill, A.J. 1966. Effect of inoculum spore load, length of infection period, and leaf washing on occurrence ofPeronospora tabacina Adam (blue mould) of tobacco.Aust. J. Agric. Res. 17:133–146.
Jackson, D.M., Severson, R.F., Johnson, A.W., andHerzog, G.A. 1986. Effects of cuticular duvane diterpenes from green tobacco leaves on tobacco budworm (Lepidoptera: Nocutuidae) oviposition.J. Chem. Ecol. 12:1349–1359.
Kandra, L., andWagner, G.J. 1987. Biosynthesis of sucrose esters and diterpenes in trichome head cells of tobacco. Tobacco Chemistry Research Conference, Greensboro, North Carolina.
Keene, C.K., andWagner, G.J. 1985. Direct demonstration of duvatriendiol biosynthesis in glandular heads of tobacco trichomes.Plant Physiol. 79:1026–1032.
Lawson, D.R.,Danehower, D.A.,Shilling, D.G.,Menetrez, M.L., andSpurr, H.W., Jr. 1988. Allelochemical propertiesof Nicotiana tabacum leaf surface compounds, pp. 363–377, in H.G. Cutler (ed.). Biologically Active Natural Products. American Chemical Society Symposium Series No. 380, Washington, D.C.
Main, C.E. 1991. Foliar diseases caused by fungi: Blue mold, pp. 5–9, in D. Shew, and G.B. Lucas (eds.). Compendium of Tobacco Diseases. APS Press.
Menetrez, M.L., Spurr, H.W., Jr., Danehower, D.A., andLawson, D.R. 1990. Influence of tobacco leaf surface chemicals on germination ofPeronospora tabacina Adam sporangia.J. Chem. Ecol. 16:1565–1576.
Nielsen, M.T., andSeverson, R.F. 1990. Variation of flavor components on leaf surfaces of tobacco genotypes differing in trichome density.J. Agric. Food Chem. 38:467–471.
Reuveni, M., Tuzun, S., Cole, J.S., Siegel, M.R., Nesmith, W.C., andKuc, J. 1987. Removal of duvatrienediols from the surface of tobacco leaves increases their susceptibility to blue mold.Physiol. Moi. Plant Pathol. 30:441–451.
Rufty, R.C.,Wernsman, E.A., andMain, C.E. 1990. Breeding for blue mold resistance: Host genetics, pp. 93–101,in C.E. Main and H.W. Spurr, Jr. (eds.). Blue Mold Disease of Tobacco. Symposium Proceedings, Raleigh, North Carolina.
SAS Institute Inc. 1985. SAS User's Guide: Statistics. Version 5 ed. SAS Institute Inc., Cary, North Carolina. 956 pp.
Severson, R.F., Arrendale, R.F., Chortyk, O.T., Johnson, A.W., Jackson, D.M., Gwynn, G.R., Chaplin, J.F., andStephenson, M.G. 1984. Quantitation of cuticular components of green tobacco leaf.J. Agric. Food Chem. 32:566–570.
Severson, R.F., Johnson, A.W., andJackson, D.M. 1985. Cuticular constituents of tobacco: Factors affecting their production and their role in insect and disease resistance and smoke quality.Recent Adv. Tobacco Sci. 11:105–174.
Severson, R.F., Stephenson, M.G., Johnson, A.W., Jackson, D.M., andChortyk, O.T. 1988. Isolation and preparative chromatography of the major cuticular diterpenes of green tobacco.Tobacco Sci. 32:99–103.
Severson, R.F.,Jackson, D.M.,Johnson, A.W.,Sisson, V.A., andStephenson, M.G. 1991. Ovipositional behavior of tobacco budworm and tobacco homworm, pp. 264–277, in P.A. Hedin (ed.). Naturally Occurring Pest Bioregulators. American Chemical Society Symposium Series No. 449, Washington, D.C.
Wigglesworth, M.D.,Siegel, M.R., andNesmith, W.C. 1990. Differentiation of Texas 1983 and Kentucky 1979 isolates ofPeronospora tabacina usingNicotiana species, pp. 147–149, in C.E. Main and H.W. Spurr, Jr. (eds.). Blue Mold Disease of Tobacco. Symposium Proceedings, Raleigh, North Carolina.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Kennedy, B.S., Nielsen, M.T., Severson, R.F. et al. Leaf surface chemicals fromNicotiana affecting germination ofPeronospora tabacina (adam) sporangia. J Chem Ecol 18, 1467–1479 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993221
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00993221