Summary
Ultrastructural study of the buccal tentacles of Holothuria forskali revealed that each tentacle bears numerous apical papillae. Each papilla consists of several differentiated sensory buds.
The epidermis of the buds is composed of three cell types, i.e. mucus cells, ciliated cells, and glandular vesicular cells (GV cells). The GV cells have apical microvilli; they contain bundles of cross striated fibrillae associated with microtubules. Ciliated cells have a short non-motile cilium. Bud epidermal cells intimately contact an epineural nervous plate which is located slightly above the basement membrane of the epidermis. The epineural plate of each bud connects with the hyponeural nerve plexus of the tentacle. This nerve plexus consists of an axonic meshwork surrounded in places by sheath cells. The buccal tentacles have well-developed mesothelial muscles. Direct innervation of these muscles by the hyponeural nerve plexus was not seen.
It is suggested that the buccal tentacles of H. forskali are sensory organs. They would recognize the organically richest areas of the sediment surface through the chemosensitive abilities of their apical buds. Tentacles presumably trap particles by wedging them between their buds and papillae.
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Bouland, C., Massin, C. & Jangoux, M. The fine structure of the buccal tentacles of Holothuria forskali (Echinodermata, Holothuroidea). Zoomorphology 101, 133–149 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00312019
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00312019