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Laser Cleaning Methodologies of Polymer Substrates

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Polymers and Light

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 168))

Abstract

Ever increasing technological and environmental needs pose significant demands on the removal of unwanted material from substrates . Laser irradiation has been shown to afford a highly effective method for addressing these problems. The three schemes examined include coating removal in a layer-by-layer approach, selective removal of surface impurities , and particle removal. The basic principles underlying these processes are presented. Particular emphasis is placed on the side effects of these procedures, since these will determine to a large extent the success and the wider acceptance of laser cleaning schemes. Elucidation of these effects is also of scientific interest, since they are intimately related with the nature of the processes underlying the interaction of intense laser pulses with molecular/polymeric materials. To this end, these effects are systematically addressed in experiments involving model and realistic systems and are exemplified in the particular case of laser-based restoration of painted artworks. It is shown that, with proper optimization of the irradiation parameters, the side effects of laser processing can be minimized and be inconsequential for substrate integrity. Thus, at least for certain cases, laser cleaning schemes may be a highly effective, accurate, and safe method providing specific advantages not only over conventional methods, but also over other emerging competing methods.

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Abbreviations

α:

Absorption coefficient

aac :

Acoustic wave damping coefficient

β:

Thermal expansion coefficient at constant temperature

cp :

Heat capacity at constant pressure

cv :

Heat capacity at constant volume

c s :

Sound speed

Γ:

Grüneisen coefficient

γ:

Adiabatic ratio

δ:

Ablation (etched) depth per pulse

Ebinding :

Binding energy to the substrate

D:

Thermal diffusivity

E a :

Activation energy

E cr :

Critical energy density for ablation

E KIN :

Kinetic energy

FLASER :

Laser fluence

Fthr :

Threshold fluence for material removal

ΔH vap :

Evaporation enthalpy

ΔH sub :

Sublimation enthalpy

ηc :

Particle laser-induced removal efficiency

θ:

Ratio τpulse/τac

I:

Laser intensity

k(T):

Reaction rate constant

κB :

Boltzmann constant

κT :

Isothermal compressibility

λ:

Wavelength

M:

Mass

N fringe :

Number of interference fringes

Npulse :

Number of laser pulses

n R :

Refractive index

n:

Density of particles on surface after irradiation

n0 :

Density of particles on surface before irradiation

νac :

Acoustic wave frequency

P:

Pressure

PMMA:

Poly(methyl methacrylate)

PS:

Polystyrene

R:

Reflectivity

RB :

Gas constant

ρ:

Density

rp :

Particle radius

σp :

Particle absorption coefficient

σtens :

Surface tension coefficient

T:

Temperature

tth :

Thermal diffusion time

τpulse :

Laser pulse duration

τac :

Time for an acoustic wave to traverse the irradiated volume

υ:

Expansion velocity

U :

Wave amplitude in the hologram plane

φ:

Phase of the optical wave

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to thank G. Bounos for his critical help in preparing this manuscript. The work was supported in part by the Ultraviolet Laser Facility operating at F.O.R.T.H. under the Improving Human Potential (IHP)-Access to Research Infrastructures program (contract No. HPRI-CT-1999-00074), the Training and Mobility of Researchers (TMR) program of the EU (project No. ERBFMRX-CT98-0188), and the PENED program (project No. 99E D 6) of the General Secretariat of Research and Technology—Ministry of Development (Greece).

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  1. Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology–Hellas, 71110 , Heraklion, Crete, Greece

    Savas Georgiou

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Correspondence to Savas Georgiou .

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Thomas. K. Lippert

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Georgiou, S. Laser Cleaning Methodologies of Polymer Substrates. In: Lippert, T. (eds) Polymers and Light. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 168. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/b12681

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/b12681

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-40471-2

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