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Mechanisms and functions of RNA-guided RNA modification

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Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing

Part of the book series: Topics in Current Genetics ((TCG,volume 12))

Abstract

RNA-guided 2’-O-methylations and pseudouridylations occur in several different types of RNAs and in a wide range of organisms. Hundreds of the RNAs that guide these modifications have been identified, leading to breakthroughs in our understanding of the mechanisms of RNA-guided RNA modifications and, to some extent, the functions of 2’-O-methylated residues and pseudouridines. There are two classes of guide RNAs, namely box C/D and box H/ACA RNAs, which direct 2’-O-methylations and pseudouridylations, respectively. The guide RNAs function primarily by binding to complementary regions in the target RNAs. Cel-lular guide RNAs exist in RNA-protein complexes comprised of one guide RNA and a set of proteins that includes the modifying enzyme (2’-O-methylase or pseu-douridylase). We are beginning to understand the basis for the importance of the RNA-guided modifications, which are well conserved and clustered in function-ally important regions of RNAs. Recent reports indicate that modified nucleotides in rRNAs and spliceosomal snRNAs contribute to protein synthesis and pre-mRNA splicing, respectively.

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  1. Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642, USA

    Yi-Tao Yu

  2. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Life Sciences Building, Athens, Georgia 30602, USA

    Rebecca M. Terns & Michael P. Terns

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Yu, YT., Terns, R.M., Terns, M.P. Mechanisms and functions of RNA-guided RNA modification. In: Grosjean, H. (eds) Fine-Tuning of RNA Functions by Modification and Editing. Topics in Current Genetics, vol 12. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/b105585

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