Abstract
Eco-friendly energy conversion and storage play a vital role in electric vehicles to reduce global pollution. Significantly, for lowering the use of fossil fuels, regulating agencies have counseled to eliminate the governments’ subsidiaries. Battery in electric vehicles (EVs) diminishes fossil fuel use in the automobile industry. Lithium-ion battery (LIB) is a prime aspirant in EVs. Due to multiple oxidation states, manganese oxide endures versatile prospects in batteries. Nevertheless, there is a sustained delay in this process because of diverse issues. This paper reviews the following: (1) status of the countries that eradicated subsidiaries on fossil fuel; (2) reserves and economy of manganese; (3) role of manganese in LIB; (4) how close manganese oxides are becoming the solitary metal oxide in the LIBs; and (5) exploring ideas for recycling manganese-based materials from used batteries. Problems such as Jahn–Teller distortion, low electronic conductivity, volume increase, and morphology hindrance in batteries and how it can be reduced were reported. Modifying the morphology, composition, doping on Mn and their effects on capacity and efficiency were discussed.
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RK conceived and planned the presented idea, designed the models and figures, analyzed and curated the data, and drafted and wrote the manuscript. BR validated, helped in designing the models and figures, and edited the manuscript. SV acted as native speaker and helped in structuring the manuscript. SR conceptualized and helped in review and editing. AMK edited the original draft. KM helped in investigation and validation of the data collected. SK supervised the work and validated the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.
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Rajagopalan, K., Ramasubramanian, B., Velusamy, S. et al. Examining the Economic and Energy Aspects of Manganese Oxide in Li-Ion Batteries. Mater Circ Econ 4, 22 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42824-022-00064-4
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s42824-022-00064-4