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Reductive Transformation of Aqueous Pollutants Using Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: A Review

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Abstract

Photocatalytic oxidation (PCO) and photocatalytic reduction (PCR) are two different pathways employed for degradation of aqueous pollutants. While abundant published material is available on PCO, PCR appears to be less explored. PCR can be a promising technique especially for removal of heavy metals, recovery of noble metals, and dehalogenation of halogenated pollutants. Besides the photocatalyst, hole-scavengers (HS) plays very important role in PCR. The basic mechanism involved in PCR of pollutants and importance of proper selection of HS has been delineated. An effort has also been made to summarize the influence of various operational parameters like type and concentration of photocatalyst, type and concentration of HS, and initial pH on the efficiency of photocatalytic reduction of the pollutants. Possibility of using sequential photocatalytic reduction–oxidation for complete mineralization of toxic pollutants is also discussed. The development of various heterojunction structures for efficient separation of charge carriers is also critically reviewed.

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Acknowledgement

The authors acknowledge the financial support from DST-FIST, Government of India (No. SR/ FST/ETI-395/2015(C), and Linde Engineering India Trust for the development of research facilities at the Environmental Engineering laboratory of Civil Engineering Department, FTE. MSU.

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  1. Civil Engineering Department, Government Engineering College, Modasa, India

    Bhaumik R. Shah

  2. Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, M. S. University of Baroda, Gujarat, India

    Upendra D. Patel

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  1. Bhaumik R. Shah
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  2. Upendra D. Patel
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Correspondence to Upendra D. Patel.

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Shah, B.R., Patel, U.D. Reductive Transformation of Aqueous Pollutants Using Heterogeneous Photocatalysis: A Review. J. Inst. Eng. India Ser. A 103, 305–318 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40030-021-00586-1

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