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Development and Validation of an ED-XRF Method for the Fast Quantification of Mineral Elements in Dry Pet Food Samples

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Abstract

A simple and fast method for the quantification of a series of macro elements (Na, Mg, P, Cl, K and Ca) and trace elements (Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn) by Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence (ED-XRF) was developed and validated using samples of commercial dry pet foods. All samples were systematically analyzed by reference methods (i.e. Potentiometry for chloride and Inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) for other elements) and by ED-XRF. A calibration set of 33 samples was selected to uniformly cover the concentration ranges of each element and their reference method values were used to calibrate the ED-XRF device. A second set (the validation set) was composed of 46 other samples, which were analyzed as unknowns. During this validation step, the elemental concentrations obtained by ED-XRF were systematically evaluated against those obtained from the reference methods. Using robust statistics, for the 10 investigated analytes, the bias between both methods was found to be not significantly different from 0 and the relative uncertainties RSD(u) were found to be lower than 15 %. This study demonstrated that ED-XRF is a fast and reliable method for minerals quantification in dry pet foods.

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Acknowledgments

We are grateful to Gaëlle Chavanne for helping us analyzing part of the samples as well as Mr. Giuseppe Di Ciano (Nestlé Quality Assurance Center in Nunspeet – (The Netherlands)) for his technical support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Analytical Sciences Pillar/Minerals and Imaging group, Nestlé Research Centre, Vers chez-les-Blanc, CH-1000, Lausanne 26, Switzerland

    Loïc Perring, Marine Nicolas, Daniel Andrey, Céline Fragnière Rime, Janique Richoz-Payot, Stéphane Dubascoux & Eric Poitevin

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  1. Loïc Perring
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  2. Marine Nicolas
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  3. Daniel Andrey
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  4. Céline Fragnière Rime
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  5. Janique Richoz-Payot
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  6. Stéphane Dubascoux
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  7. Eric Poitevin
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Correspondence to Loïc Perring.

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Conflict of Interest

Loïc Perring declares that he has no conflict of interest. Marine Nicolas declares that she has no conflict of interest. Daniel Andrey declares that he has no conflict of interest. Céline Fragnière Rime declares that she has no conflict of interest. Janique Richoz-Payot declares that she has no conflict of interest. Stéphane Dubascoux declares that she has no conflict of interest. Eric Poitevin declares that he has no conflict of interest.

Research Involving Human Participants and/or Animals

This article does not contain any studies with human participants or animals performed by any of the authors.

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Perring, L., Nicolas, M., Andrey, D. et al. Development and Validation of an ED-XRF Method for the Fast Quantification of Mineral Elements in Dry Pet Food Samples. Food Anal. Methods 10, 1469–1478 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12161-016-0695-z

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