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Plant Polyphenols: Potential Antidotes for Lead Exposure

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Abstract

Lead is one of the most common heavy metal elements and has high biological toxicity. Long-term lead exposure will induce the contamination of animal feed, water, and food, which can cause chronic lead poisoning including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity in humans and animals. In the past few decades, lead has caused widespread concern because of its significant threat to health. A large number of in vitro and animal experiments have shown that oxidative stress plays a key role in lead toxicity, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway can also be induced by lead toxicity. Therefore, plant polyphenols have attracted attention, with their advantages of being natural antioxidants and having low toxicity. Plant polyphenols can resist lead toxicity by chelating lead with their special chemical molecular structure. In addition, scavenging active oxygen and improving the level of antioxidant enzymes, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis are also the key to relieving lead poisoning by plant polyphenols. Various plant polyphenols have been suggested to be useful in alleviating lead toxicity in animals and humans and are believed to have good application prospects.

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Abbreviations

ALA:

δ-Aminolevulinic acid

AKT:

Protein kinase B

ATF4:

Activating transcription factor 4

Bak:

Bcl-2 homologous antagonist killer

CAT:

Catalase

CHOP:

CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein (C/EBP) homologous protein

EGCG:

Epigallocatechin gallate

ER:

Endoplasmic reticulum

GR:

Glutathione reductase

GRP78:

Glucose regulation protein 78

GSH:

Glutathione

GSH-Px:

Glutathione peroxidase

GSK-3β:

Glycogen synthase kinase 3β

GST:

Glutathione-S-transferase

IL-1β:

Interleukin-1β

JNK:

c-Jun N-terminal kinase

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

MDA:

Malondialdehyde

NF-κB:

Nuclear transcription factor-κB

Nrf2:

Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor2

PERK:

Protein kinase RNA-like ER kinase

PI3K:

Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase

ROS:

Reactive oxygen species

TNF-α:

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha

UPR:

Unfolded protein response

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Funding

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 31972580 and 31501914), the Heilongjiang Province Natural Science Foundation (LH2019C023 and TD2019C001), and the China Agriculture Research System (CARS-35).

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  1. The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China

    Ying Li, Hao Lv, Chenyu Xue, Na Dong, Chongpeng Bi & Anshan Shan

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Li, Y., Lv, H., Xue, C. et al. Plant Polyphenols: Potential Antidotes for Lead Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 199, 3960–3976 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12011-020-02498-w

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