Abstract
This study investigates the psychometric properties of Chinese-version short-form 10-item CES-D (i.e., CESD-10) in clinical depression patients and non-clinical college students by structural equation modeling approach. Several statistical procedures are applied to investigate the psychometric properties of CESD-10. First, the single factor model of CESD-10 shows merely mediocre fit due to “error term correlations”. The two pairs of error term correlations indicate that CESD-10 has redundant items and negative-worded effect. The revised model, based on the modification index, demonstrates good fit, and is adopted for subsequent analysis. Results of the SEM-based method show that configure invariance holds, while weak factorial invariance is not supported. A comparison the psychometric properties of the two groups shows that the clinical sample has better reliability, while the non-clinical sample has superior factorial validity. This finding confirms that the Chinese-version CESD-10 is most appropriate for the nonclinical, general population, although it is also valid for the clinically depressed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Andresen E.M., Malmgren J.A., Carter W.B., Patrick D.L.: Screening for depression in well older adults: Evaluation of a short form of the CES-D (Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale). Am. J. Prev. Med. 10, 77–84 (1994)
Boey K.W.: Cross-validation of a short form of CES-D in Chinese elderly. Int. J. Geriatr. Psych. 14, 608–617 (1999)
Bollen K.A.: Structural Equations with Latent Variables. John Wiley & Sons, New York (1989)
Breithaupt K., Zumbo B.D.: Sample invariance of the structural equation model and the item response model: a case study. Struct. Equ. Model. 9, 390–412 (2002)
Carpenter J.S., Andrykowski M.A., Wilson J., Hall L., Rayens M.K., Sachs B. et al.: Psychometrics for two short forms of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale. Issues Ment. Health Nurs. 19, 481–494 (1998)
Cheng S.T., Chan A.C.M.: The center for epidemiologic studies depression scale in older Chinese: thresholds for long and short forms. Int. J. Geriatr. Psych. 20, 465–470 (2005)
Grzywacz J.G., Hovey J.D., Seligman L.D., Arcury T.A., Quandt S.A.: Evaluating short-form versions of the CES-D for measuring depressive symptoms among immigrants from Mexico. Hispanic J. Behav. Sci. 28(3), 404–424 (2006)
Hinkin T.R.: A review of scale development practices in the study of organizations. J. Manage. 21(5), 967–988 (1995)
Kline R.B.: Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. 2nd edn. The Guilford Press, New York (2005)
Kohout F.J., Berkman L.F., Evans D.A., Cornoni-Huntley J.: Two shorter forms of the CES-D depression symptoms index. J. Aging Health 5, 179–193 (1993)
Perreira K.M., Deeb-sossa N., Harris K.M., Bollen K.: What are we measuring? An evaluation of the CES-D across race/ethnicity and immigrant generation. Soc. Forces 83(4), 1567–1602 (2005)
Radloff L.S.: The CES-D scale: a self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Appl. Psych. Meas. 1, 385–401 (1977)
Takane Y., de Leeuw J.: On the relationship between item response theory and factor analysis of discretized variables. Psychometrika 52, 393–408 (1987)
Wirth R.J., Edwards M.C.: Item factor analysis: current approaches and future directions. Psychol. Methods 12(1), 58–79 (2007)
Yu S.C., Yu M.M.: Comparison of Internet-based and paper-based questionnaires in Taiwan using multi-sample invariance approach. CyberPsychol. Behav. 10(4), 501–507
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Yu, SC., Lin, YH. & Hsu, WH. Applying structural equation modeling to report psychometric properties of Chinese version 10-item CES-D depression scale. Qual Quant 47, 1511–1518 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-011-9604-0
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-011-9604-0