Skip to main content

Advertisement

SpringerLink
Log in

The Impact of Right Temporal Lobe Epilepsy On Nonverbal Memory: Meta-regression of Stimulus- and Task-related Moderators

  • Review
  • Published:
Neuropsychology Review Aims and scope Submit manuscript

A Correction to this article was published on 13 June 2022

This article has been updated

Abstract

Nonverbal memory tests have great potential value for detecting the impact of lateralized pathology and predicting the risk of memory loss following right temporal lobe resection (TLR) for temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients, but this potential has not been realized. Previous reviews suggest that stimulus type moderates the capacity of nonverbal memory tests to detect right-lateralized pathology (i.e., faces > designs), but the roles of other task-related factors have not been systematically explored. We address these limitations using mixed model meta-regression (k = 158) of right-lateralization effects (right worse than left TLE) testing the moderating effects of: 1) stimulus type (designs, faces, spatial), 2) learning format (single trial, repeated trials), 3) testing delay (immediate or long delay), and 4) testing format (recall, recognition) for three patient scenarios: 1) presurgical, 2) postsurgical, and 3) postsurgical change. For presurgical patients the size of the right-lateralization effect was significantly moderated by stimulus type (faces > designs), testing format (recall > recognition) and its interaction with the learning format (repeated trials more affected by format effect than single trials) of the nonverbal memory tests. For postsurgical patients and presurgical-postsurgical change, test format moderated the size of the right-lateralization effect (recognition > recall) and this explained and overshadowed effects of stimulus type (i.e., faces > designs). This comprehensive review reveals the value of recognition testing in gauging the risk of nonverbal memory decline.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6

Similar content being viewed by others

Change history

References

* Asterisks indicate studies that were included in the meta-analysis

  • *Abrahams, S., Morris, R. G., Polkey, C. E., Jarosz, J. M., Cox, T. C., Graves, M., & Pickering, A. (1999). Hippocampal involvement in spatial and working memory: A structural MRI analysis of patients with unilateral mesial temporal lobe sclerosis. Brain and Cognition, 41(1), 39–65.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Adda, C. C., Castro, L. H. M., Além-Mar e Silva, L. C., de Manreza, M. L. G., & Kashiara, R. (2008). Prospective memory and mesial temporal epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Neuropsychologia, 46(7), 1954–1964. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2008.01.016

  • *Akanuma, N., Alarcon, G., Lum, F., Kissani, N., Koutroumanidis, M., Adachi, N., & Morris, R. G. (2003). Lateralizing value of neuropsychological protocols for presurgical assessment of temporal lobe epilepsy (vol 44, pg 408, 2003). Epilepsia, 44(7), 990–990. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1528-1157.2003.44702.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Alessio, A., Bonilha, L., Rorden, C., Kobayashi, E., Min, L. L., Damasceno, B. P., & Cendes, F. (2006). Memory and language impairments and their relationships to hippocampal and perirhinal cortex damage in patients with medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 8(3), 593–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.01.007

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Alessio, A., Pereira, F. R., Sercheli, M. S., Rondina, J. M., Ozelo, H. B., Bilevicius, E., & Cendes, F. (2013). Brain plasticity for verbal and visual memories in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and hippocampal sclerosis: An fMRI study. Human Brain Mapping, 34(1), 186–199.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Alpherts, W. C. J., Vermeulen, J., van Rijen, P. C., da Silva, F. H. L., van Veelen, C. W. M., & Epilepsy, D. C. (2006). Verbal memory decline after temporal epilepsy surgery? A 6-year multiple assessments follow-up study. Neurology, 67(4), 626–631. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000230139.45304.eb

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Araujo, G. C., Schwarze, N. J., & White, D. A. (2009). Lateralizing seizure focus in presurgical patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: Utility of the Ruff-Light Trail Learning Test. Epilepsy & Behavior, 15(4), 496–499. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.06.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Baker, G. A., Austin, N. A., & Downes, J. J. (2003). Validation of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III in a population of people with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Research, 53(3), 201–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-1211(03)00023-8

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Bandt, S. K., Werner, N., Dines, J., Rashid, S., Eisenman, L. N., Hogan, R. E., & Dowling, J. (2013). Trans-middle temporal gyrus selective amygdalohippocampectomy for medically intractable mesial temporal lobe epilepsy in adults: Seizure response rates, complications, and neuropsychological outcomes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 28(1), 17–21.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Barnett, A. J., Park, M. T. M., Pipitone, J., Chakravarty, M. M., & McAndrews, M. P. (2015). Functional and structural correlates of memory in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Frontiers in Neurology, 6(MAY). https://doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2015.00103

  • *Barr, W. B. (1997a). Examining the right temporal lobe’s role in nonverbal memory. Brain and Cognition, 35(1), 26–41.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Barr, W. B. (1997b). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis of Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised scores in epilepsy surgery candidates. Psychological Assessment, 9(3), 171–176.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Barr, W. B., Chelune, G. J., Hermann, B. P., Loring, D. W., Perrine, K., Strauss, E., & Westerveld, M. (1997). The use of figural reproduction tests as measures of nonverbal memory in epilepsy surgery candidates. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 3(5), 435–443.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Barr, W. B., Morrison, C., Zaroff, C., & Devinsky, O. (2004). Use of the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-Revised (BVMT-R) in neuropsychological evaluation of epilepsy surgery candidates. Epilepsy & Behavior, 5(2), 175–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.010

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • *Baxendale, S. A. (1997). The role of the hippocampus in recognition memory. Neuropsychologia, 35(5), 591–598. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3932(96)00123-6

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Baxendale, S., Thompson, P. J., & Duncan, J. S. (2008). Improvements in memory function following anterior temporal lobe resection for epilepsy. Neurology, 71(17), 1319–1325. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000319699.04265.fd

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Baxendale, S., Thompson, P. J., & Duncan, J. S. (2012). Neuropsychological function in patients who have had epilepsy surgery: A long-term follow-up. Epilepsy & Behavior, 23(1), 24–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.10.021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Baxendale, S., Thompson, P., Harkness, W., & Duncan, J. (2006). Predicting memory decline following epilepsy surgery: A multivariate approach. Epilepsia, 47(11), 1887–1894. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00810.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Baxendale, S. A., Thompson, P. J., & Kitchen, N. D. (2000). Postoperative hippocampal remnant shrinkage and memory decline - A dynamic process. Neurology, 55(2), 243–249.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Baxendale, S. A., Thompson, P. J., & Van Paesschen, W. (1998). A test of spatial memory and its clinical utility in the pre-surgical investigation of temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Neuropsychologia, 36(7), 591–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00163-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Bell, B. D., Fine, J., Dow, C., Seidenberg, M., & Hermann, B. P. (2005). Temporal lobe epilepsy and the selective reminding test: The conventional 30-minute delay suffices. Psychological Assessment, 17(1), 103–109. https://doi.org/10.1037/1040-3590.17.1.103

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • *Bengner, T., Fortmeier, C., Malina, T., Lindenau, M., Voges, B., Goebell, E., & Stodieck, S. (2006). Sex differences in face recognition memory in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy, patients with generalized epilepsy, and healthy controls. Epilepsy & Behavior, 9(4), 593–600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.08.021

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • *Bianchin, M. M., Velasco, T. R., Coimbra, E. R., Gargaro, A. C., Escorsi-Rosset, S. R., Wichert-Ana, L., . . . Sakamoto, A. C. (2013). Cognitive and Surgical Outcome in Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Associated with Hippocampal Sclerosis Plus Neurocysticercosis: A Cohort Study. PLoS One, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0060949

  • *Bigras, C., Shear, P. K., Vannest, J., Allendorfer, J. B., & Szaflarski, J. P. (2013). The effects of temporal lobe epilepsy on scene encoding. Epilepsy and Behavior, 26(1), 11–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Binder, J. R., Sabsevitz, D. S., Swanson, S. J., Hammeke, T. A., Raghavan, M., & Mueller, W. M. (2008). Use of preoperative functional MRI to predict verbal memory decline after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Epilepsia, 49(8), 1377–1394.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • *Bjornaes, H., Stabell, K. E., Roste, G. K., & Bakke, S. J. (2005). Changes in verbal and nonverbal memory following anterior temporal lobe surgery for refractory seizures: Effects of sex and laterality. Epilepsy & Behavior, 6(1), 71–84. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2004.10.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Blake, R. V., Wroe, S. J., Breen, E. K., & McCarthy, R. A. (2000). Accelerated forgetting in patients with epilepsy - Evidence for an impairment in memory consolidation. Brain, 123, 472–483. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/123.3.472

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Bonelli, S. B., Powell, R. H. W., Yogarajah, M., Samson, R. S., Symms, M. R., Thompson, P. J., & Duncan, J. S. (2010). Imaging memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: Predicting the effects of temporal lobe resection. Brain, 133, 1186–1199. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq006

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • *Boucher, O., Dagenais, E., Bouthillier, A., Nguyen, D. K., & Rouleau, I. (2015). Different effects of anterior temporal lobectomy and selective amygdalohippocampectomy on verbal memory performance of patients with epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 52, 230–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2015.09.012

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Breier, J. I., Plenger, P. M., Castillo, R., Fuchs, K., Wheless, J. W., Thomas, A. B., & Papanicolaou, A. (1996). Effects of temporal lobe epilepsy on spatial and figural aspects of memory for a complex geometric figure. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 2(6), 535–540.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Breier, J. I., Thomas, A. B., Plenger, P. M., Wheless, J. W., Brookshire, B. L., Papanicolaou, A., & Willmore, L. J. (1997). Asymmetries in the effect of side of seizure onset on recognition memory following intracarotid amobarbital injection. Epilepsia, 38(11), 1209–1215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1997.tb01218.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Brown, F. C., Tuttle, E., Westerveld, M., Ferraro, F. R., Chmielowiec, T., Vandemore, M., & Spencer, S. S. (2010). Visual memory in patients after anterior right temporal lobectomy and adult normative data for the Brown Location Test. Epilepsy & Behavior, 17(2), 215–220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.11.026

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Busch, R. M., Dulay, M. F., Kim, K. H., Chapin, J. S., Jehi, L., Kalman, C. C., & Najm, I. M. (2011). Pre-Surgical Mood Predicts Memory Decline after Anterior Temporal Lobe Resection for Epilepsy. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 26(8), 739–745. https://doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acr067

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Carvajal, F., Rubio, S., Martin, P., Serrano, J. M., & Garcia-Sola, R. (2009). Perception and recall of faces and facial expressions following temporal lobectomy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 14(1), 60–65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.08.016

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Castro, L. H., Silva, L. C. A. M., Adda, C. C., Banaskiwitz, N. H. C., Xavier, A. B., Jorge, C. L., & Nitrini, R. (2013). Low prevalence but high specificity of material-specific memory impairment in epilepsy associated with hippocampal sclerosis. Epilepsia, 54(10), 1735–1742. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12343

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Chelune, G. J. (1995). Hippocampal adequacy versus functional reserve: predicting memory functions following temporal lobectomy. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 10(5), 413–432.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Chelune, G. J., Naugle, R. I., Luders, H., & Awad, I. A. (1991). Prediction of cognitive change as a function of preoperative ability status among temporal lobectomy patients seen at 6-month follow-up. Neurology, 41(3), 399–404.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Chelune, G. J., Naugle, R. I., Lüders, H., Sedlak, J., & Awad, I. A. (1993). Individual Change After Epilepsy Surgery: Practice Effects and Base-Rate Information. Neuropsychology, 7(1), 41–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Chiaravalloti, N. D., Tulsky, D. S., & Glosser, G. (2004). Validation of the WMS-III facial memory subtest with the Graduate Hospital Facial Memory Test in a sample of right and temporal lobectomy left anterior patients. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 26(4), 484–497. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390490496623

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Crane, J., & Milner, B. (2002). Do I know you? Face perception and memory in patients with selective amygdalo-hippocampectomy. Neuropsychologia, 40(5), 530–538. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3932(01)00131-2

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Cohen, J. (1977). Statistical power for behavioural sciences (revised). New York: Academic Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • *Dade, L. A., & Jones-Gotman, M. (2001). Face learning and memory: The twins test. Neuropsychology, 15(4), 525–534. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.15.4.525

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Deeks, J. J., Higgins, J., Altman, D. G., & Green, S. (2011). Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 5.1. 0 (updated March 2011). The Cochrane Collaboration, 2.

  • *Demin, K., Berger, J., Holtkamp, M., & Bengner, T. (2018). Are mental distress and cognitive impairment related in temporal lobe epilepsy? Epilepsy Research, 146, 126–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.07.020

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Dige, N., & Wik, G. (2001). A visual learning and memory test for preoperative evaluation of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. International Journal of Neuroscience, 111(3–4), 167–174. https://doi.org/10.3109/00207450108994228

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Dodrill, C. B., & Ojemann, G. A. (2007). Do recent seizures and recent changes in antiepileptic drugs impact performances on neuropsychological tests in subtle ways that might easily be missed? Epilepsia, 48(10), 1833–1841. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01140.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Doss, R. C., Chelune, G. J., & Naugle, R. I. (2000). Comparability of the expanded WMS-III standardization protocol to the published WMS-III among right and left temporal lobectomy patients. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 14(4), 468–473.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Doss, R. C., Chelune, G. J., & Naugle, R. I. (2004). WMS-III performance in epilepsy patients following temporal lobectomy. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 10(2), 173–179. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617704102026

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Doucet, G., Osipowicz, K., Sharan, A., Sperling, M. R., & Tracy, J. I. (2013). Extratemporal functional connectivity impairments at rest are related to memory performance in mesial temporal epilepsy. Human Brain Mapping, 34(9), 2202–2216. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22059

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Doucet, G. E., Rider, R., Taylor, N., Skidmore, C., Sharan, A., Sperling, M., & Tracy, J. I. (2015). Presurgery resting-state local graph-theory measures predict neurocognitive outcomes after brain surgery in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 56(4), 517–526. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12936

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Duff, K., Beglinger, L. J., Moser, D. J., Paulsen, J. S., Schultz, S. K., & Arndt, S. (2010). Predicting cognitive change in older adults: The relative contribution of practice effects. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 25(2), 81–88.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Duff, K., Beglinger, L. J., Schultz, S. K., Moser, D. J., McCaffrey, R. J., Haase, R. F., Group, H. s. S. (2007). Practice effects in the prediction of long-term cognitive outcome in three patient samples: A novel prognostic index. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 22(1), 15–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Dulay, M. F., Levin, H. S., York, M. K., Mizrahi, E. M., Verma, A., Goldsmith, I., & Yoshor, D. (2009). Predictors of individual visual memory decline after unilateral anterior temporal lobe resection. Neurology, 72(21), 1837–1842.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Dulay, M. F., Schefft, B. K., Testa, S. M., Fargo, J. D., Privitera, M., & Yeh, H.-S. (2002). What does the family pictures subtest of the Wechsler Memory Scale-III measure? Insight gained from patients evaluated for epilepsy surgery. The Clinical Neuropsychologist, 16(4), 452–462.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Dupont, S., Duron, E., Samson, S., Denos, M., Volle, E., Delmaire, C., & Baulac, M. (2010). Functional MR Imaging or Wada Test: Which Is the Better Predictor of Individual Postoperative Memory Outcome? Radiology, 255(1), 128–134. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.09091079

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Elliott, C. A., Gross, D. W., Wheatley, B. M., Beaulieu, C., & Sankar, T. (2018). Longitudinal hippocampal and extra-hippocampal microstructural and macrostructural changes following temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy Research, 140, 128–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2018.01.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Elverman, K. H., Resch, Z. J., Quasney, E. E., Sabsevitz, D. S., Binder, J. R., & Swanson, S. J. (2019). Temporal lobe epilepsy is associated with distinct cognitive phenotypes. Epilepsy & Behavior, 96, 61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2019.04.015

  • Engman, E., Andersson-Roswall, L., Samuelsson, H., & Malmgren, K. (2006). Serial cognitive change patterns across time after temporal lobe resection for epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 8(4), 765–772. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.02.013

  • Fletcher, J. M. (1985). Memory for verbal and nonverbal stimuli in learning disability subgroups: Analysis by selective reminding. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 40(2), 244–259.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Focke, N. K., Thompson, P. J., & Duncan, J. S. (2008). Correlation of cognitive functions with voxel-based morphometry in patients with hippocampal sclerosis. Epilepsy & Behavior, 12(3), 472–476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.12.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Frank, J. E., & Tomaz, C. (2003). Lateralized impairment of the emotional enhancement of verbal memory in patients with amygdala-hippocampus lesion. Brain and Cognition, 52(2), 223–230.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fuller-Thomson, E., & Brennenstuhl, S. (2009). The association between depression and epilepsy in a nationally representative sample. Epilepsia, 50(5), 1051–1058. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2008.01803.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Gaillard, W. D., Balsamo, L., Xu, B., Grandin, C. B., Braniecki, S. H., Papero, P. H., et al. (2002). Language dominance in partial epilepsy patients identified with an fMRI reading task. Neurology, 59(2), 256–265.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Gargaro, A. C., Sakamoto, A. C., Bianchin, M. M., Geraldi, C. D. L., Scorsi-Rosset, S., Coimbra, E. R., & Velasco, T. R. (2013). Atypical neuropsychological profiles and cognitive outcome in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 27(3), 461–469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.03.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Giovagnoli, A. R., Casazza, M., Ciceri, E., Avanzini, G., & Broggi, G. (2007). Preserved memory in temporal lobe epilepsy patients after surgery for low-grade tumour. A Pilot Study. Neurological Sciences, 28(5), 251–258. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10072-007-0831-z

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Gleissner, U., Helmstaedter, C., Schramm, J., & Elger, C. (2002). Memory Outcome after Selective Amygdalohippocampectomy: A Study in 140 Patients with Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Epilepsia, 43(1), 87–95. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1528-1157.2002.24101.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Glosser, G., Cole, L., Khatri, U., DellaPietra, L., & Kaplan, E. (2002). Assessing nonverbal memory with the Biber Figure Learning Test - Extended in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 17(1), 25–35.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Golby, A. J., Poldrack, R. A., Brewer, J. B., Spencer, D., Desmond, J. E., Aron, A. P., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2001). Material-specific lateralization in the medial temporal lobe and prefrontal cortex during memory encoding. Brain, 124, 1841–1854. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/124.9.1841

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Goldstein, L. H., & Polkey, C. E. (1992). Behavioural memory after temporal lobectomy or amygdalo-hippocampectomy. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 31(Pt 1), 75–81.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Goldstein, L. H., & Polkey, C. E. (1993). Short-term cognitive changes after unilateral temporal lobectomy or unilateral amygdalo-hippocampectomy for the relief of temporal lobe epilepsy. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry, 56(2), 135–140.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • *Grammaldo, L. G., Di Gennaro, G., Giampà, T., De Risi, M., Meldolesi, G. N., Mascia, A., & Picardi, A. (2009). Memory outcome 2 years after anterior temporal lobectomy in patients with drug-resistant epilepsy. Seizure, 18(2), 139–144. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2008.08.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Grammaldo, L. G., Giampa, T., Quarato, P. P., Picardi, A., Mascia, A., Sparano, A., & Di Gennaro, G. (2006). Lateralizing value of memory tests in drug-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy. European Journal of Neurology, 13(4), 371–376. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1598-1331.2006.01236.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Griffith, H. R., Perlman, S. B., Woodard, A. R., Rutecki, P. A., Jones, J. C., Ramirez, L. F., & Hermann, B. P. (2000). Preoperative FDG-PET temporal lobe hypometabolism and verbal memory after temporal lobectomy. Neurology, 54(5), 1161–1165.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hampstead, B. M., Lacey, S., Ali, S., Phillips, P. A., Stringer, A. Y., & Sathian, K. (2010). Use of complex three-dimensional objects to assess visuospatial memory in healthy individuals and patients with unilateral amygdalohippocampectomy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 18(1–2), 54–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Hanoǧlu, L., Özkara, C., Keskinkilic, C., Altin, Ü., Uzan, M., Tuzgen, S., & Özyurt, E. (2004). Correlation between 1H MRS and memory before and after surgery in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. Epilepsia, 45(6), 632–640. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.54302.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Harvey, D. J., Naugle, R. I., Magleby, J., Chapin, J. S., Najm, I. M., Bingaman, W., & Busch, R. M. (2008). Relationship between presurgical memory performance on the Wechsler Memory Scale-III and memory change following temporal resection for treatment of intractable epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 13(2), 372–375. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.04.024

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Helmstaedter, C., & Elger, C. E. (2000). Behavioral markers for self- and other-attribution of memory: A study in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and healthy volunteers. Epilepsy Research, 41(3), 235–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0920-1211(00)00148-0

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Helmstaedter, C., Hufnagel, A., & Elger, C. E. (1992). Preoperative memory profiles in patients with temporal-lobe epilepsy are related to postoperative seizure outcome. Journal of Epilepsy, 5(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6974(05)80016-7

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Helmstaedter, C., Petzold, I., & Bien, C. G. (2011a). The cognitive consequence of resecting nonlesional tissues in epilepsy surgery-Results from MRI- and histopathology-negative patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 52(8), 1402–1408. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03157.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Helmstaedter, C., Pohl, C., & Elger, C. E. (1995). Relations between verbal and nonverbal memory performance - evidence of confounding effects particularly in patients with right temporal-lobe epilepsy. Cortex, 31(2), 345–355.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Helmstaedter, C., Richter, S., Röske, S., Oltmanns, F., Schramm, J., & Lehmann, T. N. (2008). Differential effects of temporal pole resection with amygdalohippocampectomy versus selective amygdalohippocampectomy on material-specific memory in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 49(1), 88–97. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01386.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Helmstaedter, C., Roeske, S., Kaaden, S., Elger, C. E., & Schramm, J. (2011b). Hippocampal resection length and memory outcome in selective epilepsy surgery. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 82(12), 1375–1381. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2010.240176

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Helmstaedter, C., Sonntag-Dillender, M., Hoppe, C., & Elger, C. E. (2004a). Depressed mood and memory impairment in temporal lobe epilepsy as a function of focus lateralization and localization. Epilepsy & Behavior, 5(5), 696–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2004.06.008

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Helmstaedter, C., Van Roost, D., Clusmann, H., Urbach, H., Elger, C. E., & Schramm, J. (2004b). Collateral brain damage, a potential source of cognitive impairment after selective surgery for control of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 75(2), 323–326.

    CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • *Hermann, B. P., Connell, B., Barr, W. B., & Wyler, A. R. (1995a). The utility of the Warrington Recognition Memory Test for temporal-lobe epilepsy: Pre- and postoperative results. Journal of Epilepsy, 8(2), 139–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/0896-6974(95)00022-6

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hermann, B., Davies, K., Foley, K., & Bell, B. (1999). Visual confrontation naming outcome after standard left anterior temporal lobectomy with sparing versus resection of the superior temporal gyrus: A randomized prospective clinical trial. Epilepsia, 40(8), 1070–1076. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1999.tb00821.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Hermann, B. P., Seidenberg, M., Haltiner, A., & Wyler, A. R. (1995b). Relationship of age at onset, chronologic age, and adequacy of preoperative performance to verbal memory change after anterior temporal lobectomy. Epilepsia, 36(2), 137–145.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Hermann, B. P., Seidenberg, M., Schoenfeld, J., & Davies, K. (1997). Neuropsychological characteristics of the syndrome of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Archives of Neurology, 54(4), 369–376.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Higgins, J. P., & Thompson, S. G. (2002). Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta-analysis. Statistics in Medicine, 21(11), 1539–1558.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Hill, S. W., Gale, S. D., Pearson, C., & Smith, K. (2012). Neuropsychological outcome following minimal access subtemporal selective amygdalohippocampectomy. Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy, 21(5), 353–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2012.03.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Hocking, J., Thomas, H., Dzafic, I., Williams, R., Reutens, D., & Spooner, D. (2013). Disentangling the cognitive components supporting Austin Maze performance in left versus right temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 29(3), 485–491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.08.020

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Hurtado, B., Thompson, P., & Baxendale, S. (2009). The clinical utility of the Warrington Recognition Memory Test in people with a low IQ. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 31(8), 955–958. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390902766887

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Immonen, A., Jutila, L., Muraja-Murro, A., Mervaala, E., Äikiä, M., Lamusuo, S., & Kälviäinen, R. (2010). Long-term epilepsy surgery outcomes in patients with MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 51(11), 2260–2269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2010.02720.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Janszky, J., Jokeit, H., Heinemann, D., Schulz, R., Woermann, F. G., & Ebner, A. (2003). Epileptic activity influences the speech organization in medial temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain, 126, 2043–2051. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awg193

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Jeong, W., Lee, H., Kim, J. S., Chung, C. K., (2018) Neural basis of episodic memory in the intermediate term after medial temporal lobe resection. Journal of Neurosurgery 1–9 https://doi.org/10.3171/2018.5.Jns18199

  • Jones-Gotman, M., Smith, M. L., Frisk, V., & Routhier, N. (1996). Learning and retention of connected prose before and after surgical resection from a temporal lobe. Epilepsia, 37(S5), 120–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones-Gotman, M., Zatorre, R. J., Olivier, A., Andermann, F., Cendes, F., Staunton, H., & Wieser, H. G. (1997). Learning and retention of words and designs following excision from medial or lateral temporal-lobe structures. Neuropsychologia, 35(7), 963–973. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3932(97)00024-9

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Jones-Gotman, M., Harnadek, M. C. S., & Kubu, C. S. (2000). Neuropsychological assessment for temporal lobe epilepsy surgery. Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences, 27, S39-S43. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1017/s0317167100000639

  • *Jutila, L., Aikia, M., Immonen, A., Mervaala, E., Alafuzoff, I., & Kalviainen, R. (2014). Long-term memory performance after surgical treatment of unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Epilepsy Research, 108(7), 1228–1237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.05.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kelley, W. M., Miezin, F. M., McDermott, K. B., Buckner, R. L., Raichle, M. E., Cohen, N. J., & Petersen, S. E. (1998). Hemispheric specialization in human dorsal frontal cortex and medial temporal lobe for verbal and nonverbal memory encoding. Neuron, 20(5), 927–936. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80474-2

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kessels, R. P. C., de Haan, E. H. F., Kappelle, L. J., & Postma, A. (2001). Varieties of human spatial memory: A meta-analysis on the effects of hippocampal lesions. Brain Research Reviews, 35(3), 295–303.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Kessels, R. P. C., Hendriks, M., Schouten, J., Van Asselen, M., & Postma, A. (2004). Spatial memory deficits in patients after unilateral selective amygdalohippocampectomy. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society: JINS, 10(6), 907–912.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Kikuchi, S., Kubota, F., Hattori, S., Oya, N., & Mikuni, M. (2001). A study of the relationship between metabolism using H-1-MRS and function using several neuropsychological tests in temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy, 10(3), 188–193. https://doi.org/10.1053/siez.2000.0498

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Kim, H., Yi, S., Son, E. I., & Kim, J. (2003). Material-specific memory in temporal lobe epilepsy: Effects of seizure laterality and language dominance. Neuropsychology, 17(1), 59–68. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.17.1.59

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Kneebone, A. C., Lee, G. P., Wade, L. T., & Loring, D. W. (2007). Rey Complex Figure: Figural and spatial memory before and after temporal lobectomy for intractable epilepsy. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 13(4), 664–671. https://doi.org/10.1017/s135617707070828

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Konstantopoulos, S. (2011). Fixed effects and variance components estimation in three-level meta-analysis. Research Synthesis Methods, 2(1), 61–76.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Kubu, C. S., Girvin, J. P., McLachlan, R. S., Pavol, M., & Harnadek, M. C. (2000). Does the intracarotid amobarbital procedure predict global amnesia after temporal lobectomy? Epilepsia, 41(10), 1321–1329.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kühn, S., & Gallinat, J. (2014). Segregating cognitive functions within hippocampal formation: A quantitative meta-analysis on spatial navigation and episodic memory. Human Brain Mapping, 35(4), 1129–1142.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *La Cour, P., & Andersen, R. (2006). Neuropsychological assessment with the Visual Gestalt Test: Psychometric properties and differential diagnostic probabilities. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 47(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1597-9450.2006.00487.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Lacritz, L. H., Barnard, H. D., Van Ness, P., Agostini, M., Diaz-Arrastia, R., & Cullum, C. M. (2004). Qualitative analysis of WMS-III Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction in temporal lobe epilepsy. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 26(4), 521–530. https://doi.org/10.1080/13803390490496650

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Lah, S., Grayson, S., Lee, T., & Miller, L. (2004). Memory for the past after temporal lobectomy: Impact of epilepsy and cognitive variables. Neuropsychologia, 42(12), 1666–1679. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2004.04.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Lah, S., Lee, T., Grayson, S., & Miller, L. (2006). Effects of temporal lobe epilepsy on retrograde memory. Epilepsia, 47(3), 615–625. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00476.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Lah, S., Lee, T., Grayson, S., & Miller, L. (2008). Changes in retrograde memory following temporal lobectomy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 13(2), 391–396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.05.002

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Lambon Ralph, M. A., Cipolotti, L., Manes, F., & Patterson, K. (2010). Taking both sides: Do unilateral anterior temporal lobe lesions disrupt semantic memory? Brain, 133, 3243–3255. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awq264

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Lambon Ralph, M. A., Ehsan, S., Baker, G. A., & Rogers, T. T. (2012). Semantic memory is impaired in patients with unilateral anterior temporal lobe resection for temporal lobe epilepsy. Brain, 135(1), 242–258. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awr325

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Langner, R., & Eickhoff, S. B. (2013). Sustaining Attention to Simple Tasks: A Meta-Analytic Review of the Neural Mechanisms of Vigilant Attention. Psychological Bulletin, 139(4), 870–900. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030694

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Lee, P. S., Pardini, J., Hendrickson, R., Destefino, V., Popescu, A., Ghearing, G., & Richardson, R. M. (2016). Short-term neurocognitive outcomes following anterior temporal lobectomy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 62, 140–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2016.06.019

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lee, T. M. C., Yip, J. T. H., & Jones-Gotman, M. (2002). Memory deficits after resection from left or right anterior temporal lobe in humans: A meta-analytic review. Epilepsia, 43(3), 283–291.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Leijten, F. S. S., Alpherts, W. C. J., Van Huffelen, A. C., Vermeulen, J., & Van Rijen, P. C. (2005). The effects on cognitive performance of tailored resection in surgery for nonlesional mesiotemporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 46(3), 431–439. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2005.33604.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Lespinet, V., Bresson, C., N’Kaoua, B., Rougier, A., & Claverie, B. (2002). Effect of age of onset of temporal lobe epilepsy on the severity and the nature of preoperative memory deficits. Neuropsychologia, 40(9), 1591–1600. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0028-3932(02)00012-x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lezak, M. D., Howieson, D., Bigler, E., & Tranel, D. (2012). Neuropsychological assessment (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

  • Lipsey, M. W., & Wilson, D. B. (2001). Practical Meta-analysis. Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • *Loring, D. W., Hermann, B. P., Lee, G. P., Drane, D. L., & Meador, B. J. (2000). The Memory Assessment Scales and lateralized temporal lobe epilepsy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 56(4), 563–570. https://doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4679(200004)56:4%3c563::aid-jclp9%3e3.0.co;2-k

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Lowndes, G., & Savage, G. (2007). Early detection of memory impairment in Alzheimer’s disease: A neurocognitive perspective on assessment. Neuropsychology Review, 17(3), 193–202.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Lutz, M. T., Clusmann, H., Elger, C. E., Schramm, J., & Helmstaedter, C. (2004). Neuropsychological outcome after selective amygdalohippocampectomy with transsylvian versus transcortical approach: A randomized prospective clinical trial of surgery for temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 45(7), 809–816. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0013-9580.2004.54003.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Majdan, A., Sziklas, V., & Jones-Gotman, M. (1996). Performance of healthy subjects and patients with resection from the anterior temporal lobe on matched tests of verbal and visuoperceptual learning. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 18(3), 416–430. https://doi.org/10.1080/01688639608408998

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Malikova, H., Kramska, L., Vojtech, Z., Liscak, R., Sroubek, J., Lukavsky, J., & Druga, R. (2014). Different Surgical Approaches for Mesial Temporal Epilepsy: Resection Extent, Seizure, and Neuropsychological Outcomes. Stereotactic and Functional Neurosurgery, 92(6), 372–380. https://doi.org/10.1159/000366003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Mantoan, M. A. S., Caboclo, L., Guilhoto, L., Lin, K., Noffs, M. H. D., Tudesco, I. D. S., & Yacubian, E. M. T. (2009). Correlation between memory, proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and interictal epileptiform discharges in temporal lobe epilepsy related to mesial temporal sclerosis. Epilepsy & Behavior, 16(3), 447–453. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2009.08.032

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Marquez De La Plata, C., Lacritz, L. H., Mitschke, R., Van Ness, P., Agostini, M., Diaz-Arrastia, R., & Cullum, C. M. (2009). Detecting differential memory performance among Spanish-speaking patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. NeuroRehabilitation, 24(1), 87–93. https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-2009-0457

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • *Martin, P., Maestu, F., & Sola, R. G. (2002). Effects of surgical treatment on intellectual performance and memory in a Spanish sample of drug-resistant partial onset-temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy, 11(3), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1053/seiz.2001.0618

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Martin, R. C., Hugg, J. W., Roth, D. L., Bilir, E., Gilliam, F. G., Faught, E., & Kuzniecky, R. I. (1999a). MRI extrahippocampal volumes and visual memory: Correlations independent of MRI hippocampal volumes in temporal lobe epilepsy patients. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 5(6), 540–548.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Martin, R. C., Sawrie, S., Hugg, J., Gilliam, F., Faught, E., & Kuzniecky, R. (1999b). Cognitive correlates of H-1 MRSI-detected hippocampal abnormalities in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology, 53(9), 2052–2058.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martinez, A., Di Russo, F., Anllo-Vento, L., & Hillyard, S. A. (2001). Electrophysiological analysis of cortical mechanisms of selective attention to high and low spatial frequencies. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112(11), 1980–1998.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Mayes, A., Montaldi, D., & Migo, E. (2007). Associative memory and the medial temporal lobes. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 11(3), 126–135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2006.12.003

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *McConley, R., Martin, R., Palmer, C. A., Kuznieck, R., Knowlton, R., & Faught, E. (2008). Rey Osterrieth complex figure test spatial and figural scoring: Relations to seizure focus and hippocampal pathology in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 13(1), 174–177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2008.03.003

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *McCormick, C., Quraan, M., Cohn, M., Valiante, T. A., & McAndrews, M. P. (2013). Default mode network connectivity indicates episodic memory capacity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 54(5), 809–818.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *McDonald, C. R., Ahmadi, M. E., Hagler, D. J., Tecoma, E. S., Iragui, V. J., Gharapetian, L., & Halgren, E. (2008). Diffusion tensor imaging correlates of memory and language impairments in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology, 71(23), 1869–1876. https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000327824.05348.3b

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Milner, B. (1970). Memory and the medial temporal regions of the brain. In K. H. Pribram & D. E. Broadbent (Eds.), Biology of Memory (Vol. 23, pp. 29–50). New York: Academic Press.

  • Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & Group, P. (2009). Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. PLoS Med, 6(7), e1000097.

  • *Moore, P. M., & Baker, G. A. (1996). Validation of the Wechsler memory scale-revised in a sample of people with intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 37(12), 1215–1220. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1996.tb00556.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Moran, M., Seidenberg, M., Sabsevitz, D., & Swanson, S. (2005). The acquisition of face and person identity information following anterior temporal lobectomy. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 11(3), 237–248. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1355617705050290

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Morino, M., Ichinose, T., Uda, T., Kondo, K., Ohfuji, S., & Ohata, K. (2009). Memory outcome following transsylvian selective amygdalohippocampectomy in 62 patients with hippocampal sclerosis: Clinical article. Journal of Neurosurgery, 110(6), 1164–1169.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Morino, M., Uda, T., Naito, K., Yoshimura, M., Ishibashi, K., Goto, T., & Hara, M. (2006). Comparison of neuropsychological outcomes after selective amygdalohippocampectomy versus anterior temporal lobectomy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 9(1), 95–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2006.04.017

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Morris, R. G., Abrahams, S., Baddeley, A. D., & Polkey, C. E. (1995a). Doors and People: Visual and verbal memory after unilateral temporal lobectomy. Neuropsychology, 9(4), 464–469.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Morris, R. G., Abrahams, S., & Polkey, C. E. (1995b). Recognition memory for words and faces following unilateral temporal lobectomy. The British Journal of Clinical Psychology / the British Psychological Society, 34(Pt 4), 571–576.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • *Moser, D. J., Bauer, R. M., Gilmore, R. L., Dede, D. E., Fennell, E. B., Algina, J. J., & Cohen, R. A. (2000). Electroencephalographic, volumetric, and neuropsychological indicators of seizure focus lateralization in temporal lobe epilepsy. Archives of Neurology, 57(5), 707–712. https://doi.org/10.1001/archneur.57.5.707

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Narayanan, J., Duncan, R., Greene, J., Leach, J. P., Razvi, S., McLean, J., & Evans, J. J. (2012). Accelerated long-term forgetting in temporal lobe epilepsy: Verbal, nonverbal and autobiographical memory. Epilepsy & Behavior, 25(4), 622–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2012.06.038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Naugle, R. I., Chelune, G. J., Cheek, R., Luders, H., & Awad, I. A. (1993). Detection of changes in material-specific memory following temporal lobectomy using the Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 8(5), 381–395. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-6177(93)90002-i

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Naugle, R. I., Chelune, G. J., Schuster, J., Lüders, H. O., & Comair, Y. (1994). Recognition memory for words and faces before and after temporal lobectomy. Assessment, 1(4), 373–381.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Neves, R. S. D., Tudesco, I. D. S., Jardim, A. P., Caboclo, L., Lancellotti, C., Ferrari-Marinho, T., & Yacubian, E. M. T. (2012). Granule cell dispersion is associated with memory impairment in right mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy, 21(9), 685–690. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2012.07.008

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Novelly, R. A., Augustine, E. A., Mattson, R. H., Glaser, G. H., Williamson, P. D., Spencer, D. D., & Spencer, S. S. (1984). Selective memory improvement and impairment in temporal lobectomy for epilepsy. Annals of Neurology, 15(1), 64–67. https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.410150112

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Ogden-Epker, M., & Cullum, C. M. (2001). Quantitative and qualitative interpretation of neuropsychological data in the assessment of temporal lobectomy candidates. Clinical Neuropsychologist, 15(2), 183–195. https://doi.org/10.1076/clin.15.2.183.1900

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Orwin, R. G. (1983). A fail-safe N for effect size. Journal of Educational Statistics, 8, 157–159.

    Google Scholar 

  • *Pacagnella, D., Lopes, T. M., Morita, M. E., Yasuda, C. L., Cappabianco, F. A. M., Bergo, F., & Cendes, F. (2014). Memory impairment is not necessarily related to seizure frequency in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. Epilepsia, 55(8), 1197–1204. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12691

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Paradiso, S., Hermann, B. P., Blumer, D., Davies, K., & Robinson, R. G. (2001). Impact of depressed mood on neuropsychological status in temporal lobe epilepsy. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 70(2), 180–185. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.70.2.180

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • *Parente, A., Manfredi, V., Villani, F., Franceschetti, S., & Giovagnoli, A. R. (2013). Investigating higher-order cognitive functions in temporal lobe epilepsy: Cognitive estimation. Epilepsy & Behavior, 29(2), 330–336. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.07.031

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Pauli, E., Eberhardt, K. W., Schäfer, I., Tomandl, B., Huk, W. J., & Stefan, H. (2000). Chemical shift imaging spectroscopy and memory function in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia, 41(3), 282–289.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Pegna, A. J., Caldara-Schnetzer, A. S., Perrig, S. H., Lazeyras, F., Khateb, A., Landis, T., & Seeck, M. (2002). Is the right amygdala involved in visuospatial memory? Evidence from MRI volumetric measures. European Neurology, 47(3), 148–155. https://doi.org/10.1159/000047973

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Pereira, F. R. S., Alessio, A., Sercheli, M. S., Pedro, T., Bilevicius, E., Rondina, J. M., . . . Cendes, F. (2010). Asymmetrical hippocampal connectivity in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: evidence from resting state fMRI. BMC Neuroscience, 11. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2202-11-66

  • *Pereira, A. G., Portuguez, M. W., da Costa, D. I., Azambuja, L. S., Marroni, S. P., da Costa, J. C., & Pereira, A. A. (2011). Route Learning Performance: Is it a Hippocampus Function? Cognitive and Behavioral Neurology, 24(1), 4–10. https://doi.org/10.1097/WNN.0b013e318218c3d6

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Phillips, N. A., & McGlone, J. (1995). Grouped data do not tell the whole story: Individual analysis of cognitive change after temporal lobectomy. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 17(5), 713–724.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Pigott, S., & Milner, B. (1993). Memory for different aspects of complex visual scenes after unilateral temporal- or frontal-lobe resection. Neuropsychologia, 31(1), 1–15.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Piguet, O., Saling, M. M., Oshea, M. F., Berkovic, S. F., & Bladin, P. F. (1994). Rey figure distortions reflect nonverbal recall differences between right and left foci in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology, 9(5), 451–460. https://doi.org/10.1016/0887-6177(94)90007-8

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Powell, H., Richardson, M. P., Symms, M. R., Boulby, P. A., Thompson, P. J., Duncan, J. S., & Koepp, M. J. (2007). Reorganization of Verbal and Nonverbal Memory in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Due to Unilateral Hippocampal Sclerosis. Epilepsia, 48(8), 1512–1525. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2007.01053.x

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • *Powell, H. W. R., Richardson, M. P., Symms, M. R., Boulby, P. A., Thompson, P. J., Duncan, J. S., & Koepp, M. J. (2008). Preoperative fMRI predicts memory decline following anterior temporal lobe resection. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 79(6), 686–693. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.2007.115139

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • R Core Team (2013). R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/

  • *Raspall, T., Doñate, M., Boget, T., Carreño, M., Donaire, A., Agudo, R., & Salamero, M. (2005). Neuropsychological tests with lateralizing value in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: Reconsidering material-specific theory. Seizure, 14(8), 569–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2005.09.007

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Rausch, R., & Ary, C. M. (1990). Supraspan learning in patients with unilateral anterior temporal lobe resections. Neuropsychologia, 28(2), 111–120.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Rausch, R., Boone, K., & Ary, C. M. (1991). Right-Hemisphere Language Dominance in Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Clinical and Neuropsychological Correlates. Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology, 13(2), 217–231.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Rausch, R., & Babb, T. L. (1993). Hippocampal neuron loss and memory scores before and after temporal lobe surgery for epilepsy. Archives of Neurology, 50(8), 812–817.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Rausch, R., Kraemer, S., Pietras, C. J., Le, M., Vickrey, B. G., & Passaro, E. A. (2003). Early and late cognitive changes following temporal lobe surgery for epilepsy. Neurology, 60(6), 951–959. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000048203.23766.a1

  • Rey, A. (1941). L’examen psychologique dans les cas d’encéphalopathie traumatique. Archives De Psychologie, 28, 286–340.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reyes, A., Kaestner, E., Ferguson, L., Jones, J. E., Seidenberg, M., Barr, W. B., & McDonald, C. R. (2020). Cognitive phenotypes in temporal lobe epilepsy utilizing data- and clinically driven approaches: Moving toward a new taxonomy. Epilepsia, 61(6), 1211–1220. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.16528

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • *Rodríguez-Cruces, R., Velázquez-Pérez, L., Rodríguez-Leyva, I., Velasco, A. L., Trejo-Martínez, D., Barragán-Campos, H. M., & Concha, L. (2018). Association of white matter diffusion characteristics and cognitive deficits in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 79, 138–145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.11.040

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Rougier, M. B., Guillem, F., Nkaoua, B., Rougier, A., Lerebeller, M. J., & Claverie, B. (1994). Memory-induced subcortical modulation of early visual evoked activity in temporal lobectomy patients. Neuro-Ophthalmology, 14(2), 103–111. https://doi.org/10.3109/01658109409024033

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Saling, M. M. (2009). Verbal memory in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy: beyond material specificity. Brain, 132, 570–582. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awp012

  • *Samson, S., & Zatorre, R. J. (1992). Learning and retention of melodic and verbal information after unilateral temporal lobectomy. Neuropsychologia, 30(9), 815–826.

  • *Sass, K. J., Sass, A., Westerveld, M., Lencz, T., Rosewater, K. M., Novelly, R. A., & Spencer, D. D. (1992). Russell’s adaptation of the Wechsler Memory Scale as an index of hippocampal pathology. Journal of Epilepsy, 5(1), 24–30. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6974(05)80017-9

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Sawrie, S. M., Martin, R. C., Gilliam, F. G., Roth, D. L., Faught, E., & Kuzniecky, R. (1998). Contribution of neuropsychological data to the prediction of temporal lobe epilepsy surgery outcome. Epilepsia, 39(3), 319–325. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1157.1998.tb01380.x

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Schoenberg, M. R., Clifton, W. E., Sever, R. W., & Vale, F. L. (2018). Neuropsychology Outcomes Following Trephine Epilepsy Surgery: The Inferior Temporal Gyrus Approach for Amygdalohippocampectomy in Medically Refractory Mesial Temporal Lobe Epilepsy. Neurosurgery, 82(6), 833–841. https://doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx302

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Seidenberg, M., Hermann, B., Wyler, A. R., Davies, K., Dohan, F. C., & Leveroni, C. (1998). Neuropsychological outcome following anterior temporal lobectomy in patients with and without the syndrome of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuropsychology, 12(2), 303–316. https://doi.org/10.1037/0894-4105.12.2.303

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Selwa, L. M., Berent, S., Giordani, B., Henry, T. R., Buchtel, H. A., & Ross, D. A. (1994). Serial cognitive testing in temporal lobe epilepsy: Longitudinal changes with medical and surgical therapies. Epilepsia, 35(4), 743–749.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Sherman, E. M. S., Wiebe, S., Fay-McClymont, T. B., Tellez-Zenteno, J., Metcalfe, A., Hernandez-Ronquillo, L., & Jette, N. (2011). Neuropsychological outcomes after epilepsy surgery: Systematic review and pooled estimates. Epilepsia, 52(5), 857–869. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1528-1167.2011.03022.x

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Shin, M. S., Lee, S., Seol, S. H., Lim, Y. J., Park, E. H., Sergeant, J. A., & Chung, C. (2009). Changes in neuropsychological functioning following temporal lobectomy in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurological Research, 31(7), 692–701. https://doi.org/10.1179/174313209x389848

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Sidhu, M. K., Stretton, J., Winston, G. P., Symms, M., Thompson, P. J., Koepp, M. J., & Duncan, J. S. (2015). Factors affecting reorganisation of memory encoding networks in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy Research, 110, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2014.11.001

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Smith, M. L., Bigel, M., & Miller, L. A. (2011). Visual paired-associate learning: In search of material-specific effects in adult patients who have undergone temporal lobectomy. Epilepsy and Behavior, 20(2), 326–330.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Soble, J. R., Eichstaedt, K. E., Waseem, H., Mattingly, M. L., Benbadis, S. R., Bozorg, A. M., & Schoenberg, M. R. (2014). Clinical utility of the Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition (WMS-IV) in predicting laterality of temporal lobe epilepsy among surgical candidates. Epilepsy & Behavior, 41, 232–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2014.10.014

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Sperling, M. R., Oconnor, M. J., Saykin, A. J., & Plummer, C. (1996). Temporal lobectomy for refractory epilepsy. Jama-Journal of the American Medical Association, 276(6), 470–475. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.276.6.470

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • *Spiers, H. J., Burgess, N., Maguire, E. A., Baxendale, S. A., Hartley, T., Thompson, P. J., & O’Keefe, J. (2001). Unilateral temporal lobectomy patients show lateralized topographical and episodic memory deficits in a virtual town. Brain, 124, 2476–2489. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/124.12.2476

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Springer, J. A., Binder, J. R., Hammeke, T. A., Swanson, S. J., Frost, J. A., Bellgowan, P. S. F., & Mueller, W. M. (1999). Language dominance in neurologically normal and epilepsy subjects - A functional MRI study. Brain, 122, 2033–2045. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/122.11.2033

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *St-Laurent, M., McCormick, C., Cohn, M., Misic, B., Giannoylis, I., & McAndrews, M. (2014). Using multivariate data reduction to predict postsurgery memory decline in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 31, 220–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2013.09.043

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strauss, E., Sherman, E. M., & Spreen, O. (2006). A compendium of neuropsychological tests: Administration, norms, and commentary: Oxford University Press, USA.

  • *Suresh, S., Sweet, J., Fastenau, P. S., Lüders, H., Landazuri, P., & Miller, J. (2015). Temporal lobe epilepsy in patients with nonlesional MRI and normal memory: An SEEG study. Journal of Neurosurgery, 123(6), 1368–1374. https://doi.org/10.3171/2015.1.JNS141811

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Suthana, N. A., Ekstrom, A. D., Moshirvaziri, S., Knowlton, B., & Bookheimer, S. Y. (2009). Human Hippocampal CA1 Involvement during Allocentric Encoding of Spatial Information. Journal of Neuroscience, 29(34), 10512–10519. https://doi.org/10.1523/jneurosci.0621-09.2009

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Tanriverdi, T., Dudley, R. W. R., Hasan, A., Al Jishi, A., Al Hinai, Q., Poulin, N., & Olivier, A. (2010). Memory outcome after temporal lobe epilepsy surgery: Corticoamygdalohippocampectomy versus selective amygdalohippocampectomy. Journal of Neurosurgery, 113(6), 1164–1175. https://doi.org/10.3171/2009.10.jns09677

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Testa, S. M., Schefft, B. K., Privatera, M. D., & Yeh, H. S. (2004). Warrington’s recognition memory for faces: Interpretive strategy and diagnostic utility in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsy & Behavior, 5(2), 236–243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2003.12.011

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tracy, J. I., Lippincott, C., Mahmood, T., Waldron, B., Kanauss, K., Glosser, D., & Sperling, M. R. (2007). Are depression and cognitive performance related in temporal lobe epilepsy? Epilepsia, 48(12), 2327–2335.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Trenerry, M. R., Jack, C. R., Ivnik, R. J., Sharbrough, F. W., Cascino, G. D., Hirschorn, K. A., & Meyer, F. B. (1993). MRI hippocampal volumes and memory function before and after temporal lobectomy. Neurology, 43(9), 1800–1805.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Tudesco, I. D. S., Vaz, L. J., Mantoan, M. A. S., Belzunces, E., Noffs, M. H., Caboclo, L., & Bueno, O. F. A. (2010). Assessment of working memory in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy associated with unilateral hippocampal sclerosis. Epilepsy & Behavior, 18(3), 223–228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2010.04.021

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Vanli Yavuz, E. N., Bilgic, B., Matur, Z., Bebek, N., Gurses, C., Gokyigit, A., & Baykan, B. (2016). Comparison of Cognitive Parameters Between Bilateral and Unilateral Hippocampal Sclerosis. Archives of Neuropsychiatry, 53(3), 199–204. https://doi.org/10.5152/npa.2016.14862

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  • Vaz, S. A. M. (2004). Nonverbal memory functioning following right anterior temporal lobectomy: A meta-analytic review. Seizure-European Journal of Epilepsy, 13(7), 446–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seizure.2003.12.004

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Viechtbauer W (2005). Bias and Efficiency of Meta-Analytic Variance Estimators in the Random-Effects Model. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 30(3), 261–293.

  • Viechtbauer, W. (2010). Conducting meta-analyses in R with the metafor package. Journal of Statistical Software, 36(3), 1–48.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • *Vingerhoets, G., Miatton, M., Vonck, K., Seurinck, R., & Boon, P. (2006). Memory performance during the intracarotid amobarbital procedure and neuropsychological assessment in medial temporal lobe epilepsy: The limits of material specificity. Epilepsy & Behavior, 8(2), 422–428. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2005.11.013

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • *Wagner, K., Uherek, M., Horstmann, S., Kadish, N. E., Wisniewski, I., Mayer, H., & Schulze-Bonhage, A. (2013). Memory outcome after hippocampus sparing resections in the temporal lobe. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, 84(6), 630–636. https://doi.org/10.1136/jnnp-2012-304052

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Wang, W. H., Liou, H. H., Chen, C. C., Chiu, M. J., Chen, T. F., Cheng, T. W., & Hua, M. S. (2011). Neuropsychological performance and seizure-related risk factors in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: A retrospective cross-sectional study. Epilepsy & Behavior, 22(4), 728–734. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yebeh.2011.08.038

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Warrington, E. K. (1984). Recognition memory test: RMT. NFER-NELSON Publ.

  • Wechsler, D. (1945). Wechsler Memory Scale. Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • Wechsler, D. (1987). WMS-R: Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised. Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • *Wechsler, D. (1997). Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS-III). Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • *Wechsler, D. (2009). Wechsler Memory Scale-(WMS-IV). Psychological Corporation.

    Google Scholar 

  • *Weniger, G., Ruhleder, M., Lange, C., & Irle, E. (2012). Impaired egocentric memory and reduced somatosensory cortex size in temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. Behavioural Brain Research, 227(1), 116–124. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbr.2011.10.043

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Wilde, N., Strauss, E., Chelune, G. J., Loring, D. W., Martin, R. C., Hermann, B. P., & Hunter, M. (2001). WMS-III performance in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy: Group differences and individual classification. Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society, 7(7), 881–891.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • *Wilkinson, H., Holdstock, J. S., Baker, G., Herbert, A., Clague, F., & Downes, J. J. (2012). Long-term accelerated forgetting of verbal and non-verbal information in temporal lobe epilepsy. Cortex, 48(3), 317–332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2011.01.002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Wilson, S. J., Baxendale, S., Barr, W., Hamed, S., Langfitt, J., Samson, S., & Smith, M. L. (2015). Indications and expectations for neuropsychological assessment in routine epilepsy care: Report of the ILAE Neuropsychology Task Force, Diagnostic Methods Commission, 2013–2017. Epilepsia, 56(5), 674–681. https://doi.org/10.1111/epi.12962

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

This work was funded by an Australian Postgraduate Award (APA) to Adam Bentvelzen and a Macquarie University Research Development Grant, and supported by the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Cognition and its Disorders (CE110001021; http://www.ccd.edu.au), and Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, NSW, 2109, Australia.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Healthy Brain Ageing (CHeBA), School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, 2052, Australia

    Adam C. Bentvelzen

  2. Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia

    Adam C. Bentvelzen & Greg Savage

  3. Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, 6500 HE, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Roy P. C. Kessels

  4. Department of Medical Psychology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6500 HB, Nijmegen, The Netherlands

    Roy P. C. Kessels

  5. Department of Cognitive Science, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, 2109, Australia

    Nicholas A. Badcock

  6. School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Sydney, WA, 6009, Australia

    Nicholas A. Badcock

Authors
  1. Adam C. Bentvelzen
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Roy P. C. Kessels
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Nicholas A. Badcock
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Greg Savage
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Adam C. Bentvelzen.

Ethics declarations

Ethical Approval

For this type of study formal consent is not required.

Conflict of Interest

The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

The original online version of this article was revised due to additional corrections in textbody, table, figures and supplementary information.

Supplementary Information

Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.

Supplementary file1 (DOCX 377 KB)

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Bentvelzen, A.C., Kessels, R.P.C., Badcock, N.A. et al. The Impact of Right Temporal Lobe Epilepsy On Nonverbal Memory: Meta-regression of Stimulus- and Task-related Moderators. Neuropsychol Rev 32, 537–557 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-021-09514-3

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11065-021-09514-3

Keywords

Search

Navigation