Abstract
Gallic acid is one of the most important polyphenolic compounds, which is considered an excellent free radical scavenger. 6-Hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) is a neurotoxin, which has been implicated in mainly Parkinson’s disease (PD). In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism of the neuroprotective effects of gallic acid on 6-OHDA induced apoptosis in human dopaminergic cells, SH-SY5Y. Our results showed that 6-OHDA induced cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells was suppressed by pre-treatment with gallic acid. The percentage of live cells (90%) was high in the pre-treatment of gallic acid when compared with 6-OHDA alone treated cell line. Moreover, gallic acid was very effective in attenuating the disruption of mitochondrial membrane potential, elevated levels of intracellular ROS and apoptotic cell death induced by 6-OHDA. Gallic acid also lowered the ratio of the pro-apoptotic Bax protein and the anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein in SH-SY5Y cells. 6-OHDA exposure was up-regulated caspase-3 and Keap-1 and, down-regulated Nrf2, BDNF and p-CREB, which were sufficiently reverted by gallic acid pre-treatment. These findings indicate that gallic acid is able to protect the neuronal cells against 6-OHDA induced injury and proved that gallic acid might potentially serve as an agent for prevention of several human neurodegenerative diseases caused by oxidative stress and apoptosis.
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Abbreviations
- 6-OHDA:
-
6-Hydroxydopamine
- PD:
-
Parkinson’s disease
- ROS:
-
Reactive oxygen species
- SOD:
-
Superoxide dismutase
- CAT:
-
Catalase
- GPx:
-
Glutathione peroxidase
- LDH:
-
Lactate dehydrogenase
- GA:
-
Gallic acid
- DCDFA:
-
2′,7′-Dichlorofluorescein diacetate
- DMEM:
-
Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium
- ΔΨm:
-
Mitochondrial membrane potential
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We would like to thank Director, DFRL (DRDO) for his valuable suggestions.
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Chandrasekhar, Y., Phani Kumar, G., Ramya, E.M. et al. Gallic Acid Protects 6-OHDA Induced Neurotoxicity by Attenuating Oxidative Stress in Human Dopaminergic Cell Line. Neurochem Res 43, 1150–1160 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-018-2530-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-018-2530-y