Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Japan’s silver human resource centers and participant well-being

  • Published:
Journal of Cross-Cultural Gerontology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Japan’s Silver Human Resource Center (SHRC) program provides part-time, paid employment to retirement-aged men and women. We studied 393 new program participants and examined whether part-time work influenced their well-being or “ikigai.” The participants were divided into those who had worked in SHRC-provided jobs in the preceding year, and those who had not. Gender-stratified regression models were fitted to determine whether SHRC employment was associated with increased well-being. For men, actively working at a SHRC job was associated with greater well-being, compared to inactive members. And men with SHRC jobs and previous volunteering experience had the greatest increase in well-being. Women SHRC job holders did not experience increased well-being at the year’s end. The study concludes that there is justification for exploring the usefulness of a similar program for American retirees who desire post-retirement part-time work.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adachi, K., Lubben, J.E. & Tsukada, N. (1996). Expansion of formalized in-home services for Japan’s aged, Journal of Aging and Social Policy 8:147–159.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Barth, M.C., McNaught, W. & Rizzi, P. (1993). Corporations and the aging workforce. In P. H. Mirvis (ed.), Building the competitive workforce (pp. 156–200). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Barth, M.C., McNaught, W. & Rizzi, P. (1995). Older Americans as workers. In S. Bass (ed.), Older and active: How Americans over 55 are contributing to society (pp. 35–70). New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bass, S.A. (1994). Productive aging and the role of older people in Japan: New approaches for the United States. New York: The Japan Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Bass, S.A. (ed.). (1995). Older and active: How Americans over 55 are contributing to society. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burkhauser, R.V. & Quinn, J.P. (1985). Planned and actual retirement: An empirical analysis. In S. Blau (ed.), Current perspectives on aging and the life cycle: Theory and research (pp. 147–168). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Campbell, J.C. (1992). How policies change: The Japanese government and the aging society. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Chamberlain, C. & Zika, S. (1988). Measuring meaning in life: An examination of three scales, Personality and Individual Differences 9(3): 589–596.

    Google Scholar 

  • Christensen, K. (1990). Bridges over troubled water: How older workers view the labor market. In P.B. Doeringer (ed.), Bridges to retirement (pp. 175–207). Ithaca, NY: ILR Press, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coberly, S. (1994). Alternatives to conventional work patterns. In A. Monk (ed.), The Columbia retirement handbook (pp. 171–195). New York: Columbia University Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Commonwealth Fund. (1993). The untapped resource. The final report of the Americans over 55 at work program. New York: The Commonwealth Fund.

    Google Scholar 

  • Condon, J. (1985). A half step behind. Rutland, VT: Charles E. Tuttle Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Doeringer, P.B. (1990). Bridges to retirement. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press, School of Industrial and Labor Relations, Cornell University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedland, R.B. (2000). “Will baby boomers work more years than their parents did?” National Policy and Politics in the Face of an Aging Society Series. Washington, DC: National Academy on an Aging Society.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gustman, A. & Steinmeier, T. (1986). A structural model of retirement, Econometrica 54(3): 555–584.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurd, M.D. (1993). The effect of labor market rigidities on the labor force behavior of older workers. Washington, DC: National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper No. 4462.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hurd, M.D. & Yashiro, N. (eds.). (1997). The economic effects of aging in the United States and Japan. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Keizai Kikakucho (economic planning agency). (2000). Kokumin seikatsu hakusho 2000 (white paper on the life of Japanese people, 2000 edition), p. 18.

  • Kii, T. (1987). Retirement in Japan. In K.S. Markides & C.L. Cooper (eds.), Retirement in industrialized societies (pp. 231–269). New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kimura, T., Takagi, I., Oka, M. & Omori, M. (1994). Japan: Shukko, teinen, and re-employment. In F. Naschold & B. de Vroom (eds.), Regulating employment and welfare: Company and national policies of labor force participation at the end of worklife in industrial countries (pp. 247–307). New York: Walter de Gruyte.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kraut, A. (1987, August). Retirees: a new resource for American industries. Personnel Administrator.

  • Lyons, M. (1997). The relative influence of work and family on the life purpose of older Japanese women. Unpublished doctoral dissertation. University of Massachusetts, Boston.

  • Mathews, G. (1996a). What makes life worth living? Berkeley: University of California Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Mathews, G. (1996b). The stuff of dreams, fading: ikigai and “The Japanese self,” Ethos 24(4): 718–747.

    Google Scholar 

  • McNaught, W. (1994). Realizing the potential: Some examples. In M.W. Riley, R.L. Kahn, & A. Foner (eds.), Age and structural lag. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Labor. (1997). Handbook of labor statistics. Tokyo: Minister’s Secretariat at the Ministry of Labor (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ministry of Labor. (2000). In Rodosho (ed.), Rodo hakusho, The white paper on labour (p. 296). Tokyo: Nihon Rodo Kenkyu Kiko (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Moen, P., Erickson, W.A., Agarwal, M., Fields, V. & Todd, L. (2000). The Cornell Retirement and Well-Being Study: Final Report. Ithaca, NY: Bronfenbrenner Life Course Center, Cornell University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moody, H. (1988). From zero-sum to productive society: The contradictions of an aging society. In R. Morris (ed.), Economic roles for older people in maturing societies. New York: Springer.

    Google Scholar 

  • Morrow-Howell, N., Hinterlong, J., Rozario, P.A. & Tang, F. (2003). Effects of volunteering on the well-being of older adults, Journals of Gerontology, Social Sciences, 58B(3): S137–S145.

    Google Scholar 

  • Nakano, L.Y. (2000). Volunteering as a lifestyle choice: Negotiating self-identities in Japan, Ethnology 39(2): 93–107.

    Google Scholar 

  • National Council on the Aging. (1975). The myth and reality of aging in America. Washington, DC: NCOA.

    Google Scholar 

  • NSHRCA (National Silver Human Resource Center Association) Website: http://www.sjc.ne.jp/zsk_dir/toukei/toukei.html

  • Office of the Prime Minister. (1997). Statistical yearbook on social security. Tokyo: Prime Minister’s Office, Executive Office of the Advisory Council on Social Security (in Japanese).

    Google Scholar 

  • Oka, M. (1997). Japan’s silver human resource centers: A creative amalgam of private and public sector initiatives for productive aging. In V. Gathy & M. Yamaji (eds.), A new dialogue between central Europe and Japan (pp. 133–140). Budapest: Institute for Social Conflict Research, HAS.

    Google Scholar 

  • Okochi, K. (1989). A memorandum on the ground plan (May, 1982) of the Tokyo municipal foundation for the promotion of undertakings for the aged. In National Silver Human Resource Centers Association (ed.), Living in an aging society: A digest of speeches by Kazuo Okochi (pp. 9–10). Tokyo: National Silver Human Resource Centers Association.

    Google Scholar 

  • Parkes, C.M. & Weiss, R.S. (1983). Recovery from bereavement. New York: Basic Books.

    Google Scholar 

  • Poulos, S. & Nightingale, D.S. (1997). The aging baby boom: Implications for employment and training programs. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute.

    Google Scholar 

  • Riley, M.W. & Riley, J. (1994). Structural lag: Past and future. In M.W. Riley, R.L. Kahn & A. Foner (eds), Age and structural lag. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

    Google Scholar 

  • Roberts, G.S. (1996). Between policy and practice: Japan’s silver human resource centers as viewed from the inside, Journal of Aging and Social Policy 8(2): 115–132.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Roper Starch Worldwide, Inc. (1998). Boomers look toward retirement. Washington, DC: AARP.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruhm, C. (1990). Bridge jobs and partial retirement, Journal of Labor Economics 8(4): 482–501.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulz, J.H. (1992). The economics of aging (5th edn.). NY: Auburn House.

    Google Scholar 

  • Schulz, J.H., Takada, K. & Hoshino, S. (1989). When “lifetime employment” ends. Waltham, MA: Florence Heller School of Social Welfare, Brandeis University.

    Google Scholar 

  • Silver human resource center (SHRC) (2003). Annual Report of SHRC.

  • Statistics Bureau, Ministry of Public Management, Home Affairs Posts and Telecommunications, Japan (1991). Japan Statistical Yearbook. Hong Kong: International Publication Service.

    Google Scholar 

  • Traphagan, J.W. (2003). Older women as caregivers and ancestral protection in rural Japan, Ethnology 42(2): 127–139.

    Google Scholar 

  • U.S. Bureau of the Census. (1992). Statistical Abstract of the United States: 1992 (112th edn.). Washington, DC:(see http://www2.census.gov/prod2/statcomp/documents/1992-01.pdf).

  • Van Willigen, M. (2000). Differential benefits of volunteering across the life course, Journal of Gerontology: Social Sciences 55B: 308–318.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, R.S. (1990). Staying the course. New York: Free Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss, R.S. & Richards, A. (1997). A scale for predicting persistence of distress after loss of a partner, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 72(4): 885–891.

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Young, M. & Schuller, T. (1991). Life after work: The arrival of the ageless society. London: Harper Collins.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Harley K. Heimovitz.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Weiss, R.S., Bass, S.A., Heimovitz, H.K. et al. Japan’s silver human resource centers and participant well-being. J Cross Cult Gerontol 20, 47–66 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-005-3797-4

Download citation

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10823-005-3797-4

Keywords

Navigation