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Electrochemical oxidation of an acid dye by active chlorine generated using Ti/Sn(1−x)Ir x O2 electrodes

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Abstract

The generation of active chlorine on Ti/Sn(1−x)Ir x O2 anodes, with different compositions of Ir (x = 0.01, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.30 ), was investigated by controlled current density electrolysis. Using a low concentration of chloride ions (0.05 mol L−1) and a low current density (5 mA cm−2) it was possible to produce up to 60 mg L−1 of active chlorine on a Ti/Sn0.99Ir0.01O2 anode. The feasibility of the discoloration of a textile acid azo dye, acid red 29 dye (C.I. 16570), was also investigated with in situ electrogenerated active chlorine on Ti/Sn(1−x)Ir x O2 anodes. The best conditions for 100% discoloration and maximum degradation (70% TOC reduction) were found to be: NaCl pH 4, 25 mA cm−2 and 6 h of electrolysis. It is suggested that active chlorine generation and/or powerful oxidants such as chlorine radicals and hydroxyl radicals are responsible for promoting faster dye degradation. Rate constants calculated from color decay versus time reveal a zero order reaction at dye concentrations up to 1.0 × 10−4 mol L−1. Effects of other electrolytes, dye concentration and applied density currents also have been investigated and are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank Dr. Walt Zeltner of the University of Wisconsin for English language revision of this paper and acknoledge financial support from Brazilian funding agencies CAPES, CNPq and FAPESP.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Química Analítica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Av. Prof. Francisco degni, s/n, C. P. 355, 14801-970, Araraquara, SP, Brazil

    Flavio H. Oliveira, Marly E. Osugi, Fabiana M. M. Paschoal & Maria Valnice Boldrin Zanoni

  2. Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto – USP, 14040-901, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil

    Demetrius Profeti & Paulo Olivi

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  1. Flavio H. Oliveira
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  2. Marly E. Osugi
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  3. Fabiana M. M. Paschoal
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  4. Demetrius Profeti
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  5. Paulo Olivi
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Correspondence to Maria Valnice Boldrin Zanoni.

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Oliveira, F.H., Osugi, M.E., Paschoal, F.M.M. et al. Electrochemical oxidation of an acid dye by active chlorine generated using Ti/Sn(1−x)Ir x O2 electrodes. J Appl Electrochem 37, 583–592 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-006-9289-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10800-006-9289-6

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