Skip to main content

Advertisement

Log in

Access to Mental Health Services: The Struggle of Poverty Affected Urban Children of Color

  • Published:
Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

ABSTRACT

It is estimated that, in the United States, one in ten children and adolescents suffer from illness severe enough to cause some level of psychosocial dysfunction. Urban children, and in particular low-income children of color, are at greater risk of developing mental health problems, and are less likely to receive effective child mental health services. Prompt and effective access to mental health services by urban children of color is a critical direct practice and social policy concern. This article provides an overview of significant barriers to mental health care experienced by poverty affected urban children of color and their families. It also addresses a broad range of practice and policy issues that need to be raised in order to ensure competent delivery of mental health services for children living in urban environments. The role of social work in assisting poor urban children of color to access and benefit from mental health services is stressed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Armbruster P., Fallon T., (1994), Clinical, sociodemographic, and systems risk factors for attrition in a children’s mental health clinic American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 64:577–585

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Bernal G., Bonilla J., Padilla L., Perez-Prado E., (1998). Factors associated to outcome in psychotherapy: An effectiveness study in Puerto Rico Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 54:329–342

    Google Scholar 

  • Betson D. M., Michael R. T., (1997). Why so many children are poor The Future of Children 7:25–39

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Brooks-Gunn J., Klebanov P. K., Liaw F., (1995). The learning, physical and emotional environment of the home in the context of poverty: The infant health development program Children and Youth Services Review 17(1/2):251–276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bui C. T., Takeuchi D. T., (1992). Ethnic minority adolescents and the use of community mental health care services American Journal of Community Psychology 20:403–417

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Burns B. J., Costello E. J., Angold A., Tweed D. , Stangl D., Farmer E. M. Z., Erkanli A., (1995). Data watch: Children’s mental health service use across service sectors Health Affair 14:147–159

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Canino I. A., Spurlock J., (2000). Culturally diverse children and adolescents: Assessment, diagnosis, and treatment (2nd ed). Guilford Press. New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Children’s Defense Fund. (2000). Families struggling to make it in the work force: A post welfare report. Washington, DC: Author

  • Children’s Defense Fund. (2002). Affordable housing: A quiet crisis for families. Washington, DC: Author

  • Cohen P., Hesselbart C. S., (1993). Demographic factors in the use of children’s mental health services American Journal of Public Health 83:49–52

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Comer J. P., (1980). The school program: School power. Free Press. New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Corcoran M. E., Chaudry A., (1997). The dynamic of children poverty The Future of Children 7:40–54

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Costello E. J., (1993). How can epidemiology improve mental health services for children and adolescents? Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry 32:1106–1114

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • De La Cancela V., Sotomayor G. M., (1993). Rainbow warriors: Reducing institutional racism in mental health Journal of Mental Health Counseling 15:55–71

    Google Scholar 

  • Department of Health and Human Services. (2000). Report of the surgeon general’s conference on children’s mental health: A national action agenda. Washington, DC: Author

  • Devaney B. L., Ellwood M. R., Love J. M., (1997). Programs that mitigate the effects of poverty on children The Future of Children 7:88–112

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Garbarino J., (1992). Children and families in the social environment (2nd ed.). Aldine De Gruyter. New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Garland A. F., Zigler E. F., (1994). Psychological correlates of help-seeking attitudes among children and adolescents American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 64:584–593

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Gibbs J. T., & Huang L. N., (Eds.). (1989). Children of color: Psychological interventions with minority youth. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass

  • Griffin J. A., Cicchetti D., Leaf P. J., (1993). Characteristics of youths identified from A psychiatric case register as first-time users of services Hospital and Community Psychiatry 44:62–65

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Haveman R., Wolfe B., (1994). Succeeding generations: (On the effects of investment on children. Russell Sage Foundation. New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hibbs, E. D., & Jensen P., (Eds.). (1996). Psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent disorders. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association

  • Hernandez D. J., (1993). America’s children: Resources from family, government, and the economy. Russell Sage Foundation. New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Homel R., Burns A., (1989). Environmental quality and the well-being of children Social Indicators Research 21:133–458

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hutchinson M. R., Poole D. L., (1998). Editorial: Adolescent health and school health: It’s time to meet the challenge Health and Social Work 23:3–7

    Google Scholar 

  • lsaacs M. R., Benjamin M. P., (1991). Towards a culturally competent system of care. Georgetown University Press. Washington, DC

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazdin A. E., (1993). Premature termination for treatment among children referred for antisocial behavior Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry and Allied Disciplines 31:415–425

    Google Scholar 

  • Landrum-Brown J., (1990). Black mental health and racial oppression. In D. S. Ruiz., (Ed.), Handbook of mental health and mental disorder among Black Americans. Westport, CT: Greenwood

  • Lewit E. M., Terman D. L., Behrman R. E., (1997). Children and poverty: Analysis and recommendations The Future of Children 7:4–24

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Martin J. I., (1997). Political aspects of mental Health treatment. In T. R. Watkins, J. W. Callicutt, (Eds.), Mental health policy and practice today. Sage Publications. Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 32–48

    Google Scholar 

  • Mays V. M., Albee G. W., (1992). Psychotherapy and ethnic minorities. In D. K. Freedheim, (Ed.), History of psychotherapy of change. American Psychological Association, Washington, DC, 555–570

    Google Scholar 

  • McDaniel S., Bielin I. N., (1990). Project self-esteem. Enhancing Education, Newport Beach, CA

    Google Scholar 

  • McKay M., McCadam K., Gonzales J., (1996). Addressing the barriers to mental health services for inter-City children and their caregivers Community Mental Health Journal 32:353–361

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • McKay M., Stoewe J., McCadam K., Gonzales J., (1998). Increasing access to child mental health services for urban children and their caregivers Health and Social Work 23:9–15

    Google Scholar 

  • McLeod J. D., Shanahan R., (1997). Mental health services of minority groups of color American Sociological Review 58:351–356

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McNeil J., Kennedy R., (1997). Mental health services of minority groups of color. In T. R. Watkins, J. W. Callicutt, (Eds.), Mental health policy and practice today. Sage. Thousand Oaks, CA, pp. 235–251

    Google Scholar 

  • Miranda G., (1996). Introduction to the special section on recruiting and retaining minorities in psychotherapy research Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology 64:868–875

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • National Center for Children in Poverty. (2004). Low-children in the United States: A brief demographic profile. New York: Author

  • Perron D. L., (1982). An overview of minority group mental health weds and issues as presented to the President’s Commission on Mental Health. In F. U. Munoz, R. Endo, (Eds), Perspectives on minority group mental health. University Press of America. Washington, DC, pp. 3–22

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manny John González D.S.W..

Additional information

Manny John González, D.S.W., is an Assistant Professor of Social Work at Fordham University Graduate School of Social Service.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

González, M.J. Access to Mental Health Services: The Struggle of Poverty Affected Urban Children of Color. Child Adolesc Soc Work J 22, 245–256 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-005-0036-3

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560-005-0036-3

Keywords

Navigation