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Effects of partial replacement of fish meal with Spirulina platensis meal in practical diets on growth, survival, body composition, and reproductive performance of three-spot gourami (Trichopodus trichopterus) (Pallas, 1770)

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Abstract

This study investigated the effects of fish meal replacement by Spirulina platensis meal on growth, survival, body biochemical composition, and reproductive performance of Trichopodus trichopterus until the first spawning for 16 weeks. The fish fed dietary algal meal at levels of 2.5, 5, 10, and 20 % against those received fish meal only as control. The results showed that indicators such as belly diameter, feed intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and viscerosomatic index were significantly different between treatments with 5 and 10 % algal replacements (P < 0.05). The growth factors including final weight, weight gain, total length, fork length, and body height of fish did not show significant differences (P > 0.05) between the treatments. Feed intake increased up to 10 % replacement level and then decreased, though the best FCR values (0.77–0.79) were obtained with 2.5 and 5 % substitutions. The body lipid content showed a statistically marked decrease (P < 0.05) as a result of the algal replacements, but the amounts of protein and moisture were not significantly (P > 0.05) different between treatments. All fish fed S. platensis meal had greater gonadosomatic indices (19.4–21.85 %) than that of the control in spite of insignificant differences (P > 0.05) in their ovary weights (2.07–2.21 g). Absolute fecundity ranged between 7300 and 12,700 eggs/female with the highest amount in fish fed with replaced S. platensis levels of 2.5–10 %. The second-order polynomial regression analysis between absolute fecundity and substitution levels of algal meal was y = −0.5319x 2 + 106.87x + 7812.9 (R 2 = 0.9642), and the optimal substitution level was determined to be 8.13 % for maximum absolute fecundity. Hatching percentages in the control and 20 % replacement were much lower (P < 0.05) than those in the other treatments (78–86 %). Given the relative enhancement of growth parameters and significant improvement in reproductive performance of broodstock three-spot gourami, 8.1–9.6 % S. platensis meal instead of fish meal is recommended in the diets.

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Abbreviations

SP:

Spirulina platensis

FCR:

Feed conversion ratio

ADG:

Average daily growth rate

GSI:

Gonadosomatic index

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Acknowledgments

We wish to thank Dr. Mohammad Kazem Khalesi and Khosrow Jani Khalili, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University for helping in this investigation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran

    Mostafa Khanzadeh

  2. Fisheries Department, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Fisheries, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Km 9, Khazar Abad, P.O.Box 578, Sari, Iran

    Abolghasem Esmaeili Fereidouni

  3. Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University (SANRU), Sari, Iran

    Saleh Seifi Berenjestanaki

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  1. Mostafa Khanzadeh
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Correspondence to Abolghasem Esmaeili Fereidouni.

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Khanzadeh, M., Esmaeili Fereidouni, A. & Seifi Berenjestanaki, S. Effects of partial replacement of fish meal with Spirulina platensis meal in practical diets on growth, survival, body composition, and reproductive performance of three-spot gourami (Trichopodus trichopterus) (Pallas, 1770). Aquacult Int 24, 69–84 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10499-015-9909-4

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