Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Yeast species recognition from gene sequence analyses and other molecular methods

  • REVIEW
  • Published:
Mycoscience

Abstract

This review discusses DNA-based methods used for identification of yeasts. Nuclear DNA reassociation was the first quantitative molecular method employed for recognition of yeast species and has provided a baseline for interpretation of other molecular comparisons. Among these, gene sequencing is the most definitive method, with ribosomal RNA gene sequences providing the preponderance of available data. Multigene analyses that include the sequences of protein encoding genes are being increasingly developed to provide a more definitive resolution of species. A number of rapid identification methods, such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE), and flow cytometry, which are based on species-specific gene sequences, are available for use in diagnostic laboratories.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • C Belloch A Querol MD Garcia E Barrio (2000) ArticleTitlePhylogeny of the genus Kluyveromyces inferred from the mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase II gene Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50 405–416 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhtVequr0%3D Occurrence Handle10826829

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • TI Bonner DJ Brenner BR Neufeld RJ Britten (1973) ArticleTitleReduction in the rate of DNA reassociation by sequence divergence J Mol Biol 81 123–135 Occurrence Handle10.1016/0022-2836(73)90184-8 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE2cXnvFaksA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle4591183

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • RJ Britten DE Graham BR Neufeld (1974) Analysis of repeating DNA sequences by reassociation L Grossman K Moldave (Eds) Methods in enzymology, vol 29 Academic New York 363–418

    Google Scholar 

  • GC Casey DW Dobson (2004) ArticleTitlePotential of using real-time PCR-based detection of spoilage yeast in fruit juice: a preliminary study Int J Food Microbiol 91 327–335 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2003.09.002 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXhsV2kt7o%3D Occurrence Handle14984781

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DD Chapman DL Abercrombie CJ Douady EK Pikitch MJ Stanhopen MS Shivji (2003) ArticleTitleA streamlined, bi-organelle, multiplex PCR approach to species identification: application to global conservation and trade monitoring of the great white shark Conserv Genet 4 415–425 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1024771215616 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlsVeju7s%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • L Cocolin A Heisey DA Mills (2001) ArticleTitleDirect identification of the indigenous yeasts in commercial wine fermentations Am J Enol Vitic 52 49–53 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtVyrtL4%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H-M Daniel W Meyer (2003) ArticleTitleEvaluation of ribosomal RNA and actin gene sequences for the identification of ascomycetous yeasts Int J Food Microbiol 86 71–78 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00248-4 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXlvVCqtr0%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H-M Daniel TC Sorrell W Meyer (2001) ArticleTitlePartial sequence analysis of the actin gene and its potential for studying the phylogeny of Candida species and their teleomorphs Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51 1593–1606 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXmtVSls7Y%3D Occurrence Handle11491363

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M de Barros Lopes S Rainiere PA Henschje P Langridge (1999) ArticleTitleAFLP fingerprinting for analysis of yeast genetic variation Int J Syst Bacteriol 49 915–924 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjt1CqsL8%3D Occurrence Handle10319518

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MR Diaz T Boekhout B Theelen JW Fell (2000) ArticleTitleMolecular sequence analysis of the intergenic spacer (IGS) associated with rDNA of the two varieties of the pathogenic yeast, Cryptococcus neoformans Syst Appl Microbiol 23 535–545 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXit1Wmtb8%3D Occurrence Handle11249024

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MR Diaz JW Fell (2000) ArticleTitleMolecular analysis of ITS and IGS rDNA regions of the psychrophilic yeasts in the genus Mrakia Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 77 7–12 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1002048008295 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXhvFWmt7o%3D Occurrence Handle10696872

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MR Diaz JW Fell (2004) ArticleTitleHigh-throughput detection of pathogenic yeasts of the genus Trichosporon J Clin Microbiol 42 3696–3706 Occurrence Handle10.1128/JCM.42.8.3696-3706.2004 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnt1Ogtbo%3D Occurrence Handle15297519

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DE Dykhuizen L Green (1991) ArticleTitleRecombination in Escherichia coli and the definition of biological species J Bacteriol 173 7257–7268 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK38XjslOktw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle1938920

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Fan LC Chen MA Ragan R Gutell JR Warner BP Currie A Casadevall (1995) ArticleTitleThe 5S rRNA and the RNA intergenic spacer of the two varieties of Cryptococcus neoformans J Med Vet Mycol 33 215–221 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DyaK28%2FjsVCiuw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle8531018

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JW Fell (1993) ArticleTitleRapid identification of yeast species using three primers in a polymerase chain reaction Mol Mar Biol Biotechnol 1 175–186

    Google Scholar 

  • JW Fell G Blatt (1999) ArticleTitleSeparation of strains of the yeasts Xanthophyllomyces dendrorhous and Phaffia rhodozyma based on rDNA, IGS and ITS sequence analysis J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 21 677–681 Occurrence Handle10.1038/sj.jim.2900681 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXlt1eiu70%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • JW Fell T Boekhout A Fonseca G Scorzetti A Statzell-Tallman (2000) ArticleTitleBiodiversity and systematics of basidiomycetous yeasts as determined by large-subunit rDNA D1/D2 domain sequence analysis Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50 1351–1371 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXktF2gt7Y%3D Occurrence Handle10843082

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Gadanho JM Almeida JP Sampaio (2003) ArticleTitleAssessment of yeast diversity in a marine environment in the south of Portugal by microsatellite-primed PCR Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 84 217–227 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1026038213195 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnslaruro%3D Occurrence Handle14574117

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • DM Geiser JI Pitt JW Taylor (1998) ArticleTitleCryptic speciation and recombination in the aflatoxin-producing fungus Aspergillus flavus Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 95 388–393 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.95.1.388 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjtl2gsQ%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9419385

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Goodman (1976) Protein sequences in phylogeny FJ Ayala (Eds) Molecular Evolution Sinauer Sunderland, MA 141–159

    Google Scholar 

  • C Groth J Hansen J Pisškur (1999) ArticleTitleA natural chimeric yeast containing genetic material from three species Int J Syst Bacteriol 49 1933–1938 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXnsFGiu7g%3D Occurrence Handle10555378

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SA James MD Collins IN Roberts (1996) ArticleTitleUse of an rRNA internal transcribed spacer region to distinguish phylogenetically closely related species of the genera Zygosaccharomyces and Torulaspora Int J Syst Bacteriol 46 189–194 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK28Xhtl2lsLc%3D Occurrence Handle8573494

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CP Kurtzman (1984a) ArticleTitleSynonymy of the yeast genera Hansenula and Pichia demonstrated through comparisons of deoxyribonucleic acid relatedness Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 50 209–217 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02342132 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL2cXmtVOnurw%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CP Kurtzman (1984b) ArticleTitleResolution of varietal relationships within the species Hansenula anomala, Hansenula bimundalis, and Pichia nakazawae through comparisons of DNA relatedness Mycotaxon 19 271–279

    Google Scholar 

  • CP Kurtzman (1987) Prediction of biological relatedness among yeasts from comparisons of nuclear DNA complementarity GS De Hoog MT Smith ACM Weijman (Eds) The expanding realm of yeast-like Fungi Elsevier Amsterdam 459–468

    Google Scholar 

  • CP Kurtzman (1990) ArticleTitleCandida shehatae: genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships with other xylose-fermenting yeasts Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 57 215–222 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00400153 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3cXlsVKns78%3D Occurrence Handle2353807

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CP Kurtzman (1993) DNA-DNA hybridization approaches to species identification in small genome organisms EA Zimmer TJ White RL Cann AC Wilson (Eds) Methods in enzymology, vol 224 Academic Press New York 335–348

    Google Scholar 

  • CP Kurtzman (2005) ArticleTitleNew species and new combinations in the yeast genera Kregervanrija gen. nov., Saturnispora and Candida FEMS Yeast Res 4 233–245 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00175-2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXptlyhsbY%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CP Kurtzman JW Fell (Eds) (1998) The yeasts, a taxonomic study EditionNumber4th edn. Elsevier Amsterdam

    Google Scholar 

  • CP Kurtzman HJ Phaff (1987) Molecular taxonomy AH Rose JS Harrison (Eds) The yeasts, vol 1 EditionNumber2nd edn. Academic London 63–94

    Google Scholar 

  • CP Kurtzman CJ Robnett (1998) ArticleTitleIdentification and phylogeny of ascomycetous yeasts from analysis of nuclear large subunit (26S) ribosomal DNA partial sequences Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 73 331–371 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1001761008817 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXjtFOjsg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle9850420

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CP Kurtzman CJ Robnett (2003) ArticleTitlePhylogenetic relationships among yeasts of the “Saccharomyces complex” determined from multigene sequence analyses FEMS Yeast Res 3 417–432 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00012-6 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjs1eksLs%3D Occurrence Handle12748053

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CP Kurtzman CJ Robnett JN Ward C Brayton P Gorelick TJ Walsh (2005) ArticleTitleMultigene phylogenetic analysis of pathogenic Candida species in the Kazachstania (Arxiozyma) telluris complex and description of their ascosporic states as Kazachstania bovina sp. nov., K. heterogenica sp. nov., K. pintolopesii sp. nov., and K. slooffiae sp. nov J Clin Microbiol 43 101–111 Occurrence Handle10.1128/JCM.43.1.101-111.2005 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtF2ntLo%3D Occurrence Handle15634957

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CP Kurtzman MJ Smiley CJ Johnson LJ Wickerham GB Fuson (1980a) ArticleTitleTwo new and closely related heterothallic species, Pichia amylophila and Pichia mississippiensis: characterization by hybridization and deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation Int J Syst Bacteriol 30 208–216 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXhs1Sgtbg%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CP Kurtzman MJ Smiley CJ Johnson (1980b) ArticleTitleEmendation of the genus Issatchenkia Kudriavsev and comparison of species by deoxyribonucleic acid reassociation, mating reaction, and ascospore ultrastructure Int J Syst Bacteriol 30 503–513 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3cXitFWksL8%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • MA Lachance HM Daniel W Meyer GS Prasad SP Gautam K Boundy-Mills (2003) ArticleTitleThe D1/D2 domain of the large-subunit rDNA of the yeast species Clavispora lusitaniae is unusually polymorphic FEMS Yeast Res 4 253–258 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1567-1356(03)00113-2 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXptlyhtr4%3D Occurrence Handle14654429

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BM Mannarelli CP Kurtzman (1998) ArticleTitleRapid identification of Candida albicans and other human pathogenic yeasts by using short oligonucleotides in a PCR J Clin Microbiol 36 1634–1641 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjs12hsb0%3D Occurrence Handle9620392

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Martini HJ Phaff (1973) ArticleTitleThe optical determination of DNA-DNA homologies in yeasts Ann Microbiol 23 59–68

    Google Scholar 

  • W Masoud LB Cesar L Jespersen M Jakobsen (2004) ArticleTitleYeast involved in fermentation of Coffea arabica in East Africa determined by genotyping and by direct denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis Yeast 21 549–556 Occurrence Handle10.1002/yea.1124 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXksVyhtrg%3D Occurrence Handle15164358

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CB Meroth WP Hammes C Hertel (2003) ArticleTitleIdentification and population dynamics of yeasts in sourdough fermentation processes by PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis Appl Environ Microbiol 69 7453–7461 Occurrence Handle10.1128/AEM.69.12.7453-7461.2003 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXpvFClsbY%3D Occurrence Handle14660398

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • G Muyzer K Smalla (1998) ArticleTitleApplication of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) in microbial ecology Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 73 127–141 Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1000669317571 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1cXjsVaqtbs%3D Occurrence Handle9602286

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T Nakase K Komagata (1968) ArticleTitleTaxonomic significance of base composition of yeast DNA J Gen Appl Microbiol 14 345–357 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaF1MXnsFansw%3D%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • GI Naumov SA James ES Naumova EJ Louis IN Roberts (2000) ArticleTitleThree new species in the Saccharomyces sensu stricto complex: Saccharomyces cariocanus, Saccharomyces kudriavzevii and Saccharomyces mikatae Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50 1931–1942 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXns1Sltrc%3D Occurrence Handle11034507

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • GI Naumov ES Naumova PD Sniegowski (1998) ArticleTitleSaccharomyces paradoxus and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are associated with exudates of North American oaks Can J Microbiol 44 1045–1050 Occurrence Handle10.1139/cjm-44-11-1045 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhslanur8%3D Occurrence Handle10029999

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • H-V Nguyen A Lepingle C Gaillardin (2000) ArticleTitleMolecular typing demonstrates homogeneity of Saccharomyces uvarum strains and reveals the existence of hybrids between S. uvarum and S. cerevisiae, including the S. bayanus type strain CBS 380 Syst Appl Microbiol 23 71–85 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXksFShsbg%3D Occurrence Handle10879981

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • T Nilsson-Tillgren C Gjermansen MC Kielland-Brandt JGL Petersen S Holmberg (1981) ArticleTitleGenetic differences between Saccharomyces carlsbergensis and S. cerevisiae. Analysis of chromosome III by single chromosome transfer Carlsberg Res Commun 46 65–76 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaL3MXkvFelur4%3D Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF02906199

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • K O'Donnell HC Kistler BK Tacke HH Casper (2000) ArticleTitleGene genealogies reveal global phylogeographic structure and reproductive isolation among lineages of Fusarium graminearum, the fungus causing wheat scab Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 97 7905–7910 Occurrence Handle10.1073/pnas.130193297 Occurrence Handle10869425

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • BT Page CP Kurtzman (2005) ArticleTitleRapid identification of Candida and other clinically important yeast species by flow cytometry J Clin Microbiol 43 4507–4514 Occurrence Handle10.1128/JCM.43.9.4507-4514.2005 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVOrtLvJ Occurrence Handle16145099

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • SW Peterson CP Kurtzman (1991) ArticleTitleRibosomal RNA sequence divergence among sibling species of yeasts Syst Appl Microbiol 14 124–129 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaK3MXltlWksLs%3D

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  • CJ Prakitchaiwattana GH Fleet GM Heard (2004) ArticleTitleApplication and evaluation of denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis to analyse the yeast ecology of wine grapes FEMS Yeast Res 4 865–877 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.05.004 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXmvFCls7k%3D Occurrence Handle15450194

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • CW Price GB Fuson HJ Phaff (1978) ArticleTitleGenome comparison in yeast systematics: delimitation of species within the genera Schwanniomyces, Saccharomyces, Debaryomyces, and Pichia Microbiol Rev 42 161–193 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DyaE1cXktVart7Y%3D Occurrence Handle379571

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • S Rigby GW Procop G Haase D Wilson G Hall C Kurtzman K Oliveira S Von Oy JJ Hyldig-Nielsen J Coull H Stender (2002) ArticleTitleFluorescence in situ hybridization with peptide nucleic acid probes for rapid identification of Candida albicans directly from blood culture bottles J Clin Microbiol 40 2182–2186 Occurrence Handle10.1128/JCM.40.6.2182-2186.2002 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XltFOntLc%3D Occurrence Handle12037084

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • G Scorzetti JW Fell A Fonseca A Statzell-Tallman (2002) ArticleTitleSystematics of basidiomycetous yeasts: a comparison of large subunit D1/D2 and internal transcribed spacer rDNA regions FEMS Yeast Res 2 495–517 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XovFGgsbw%3D Occurrence Handle12702266

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • MT Smith V Robert GA Poot W Epping AWAM de Cock (2005) ArticleTitleTaxonomy and phylogeny of the ascomycetous yeast genus Zygoascus, with proposal of Zygoascus meyerae sp. nov. and related anamorphic varieties Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55 1353–1363 Occurrence Handle10.1099/ijs.0.63277-0 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXltlOlsLw%3D Occurrence Handle15879282

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • PD Sniegowski PG Dombrowski E Fingerman (2002) ArticleTitleSaccharomyces cerevisiae and Saccharomyces paradoxus coexist in a natural woodland site in North America and display different levels of reproductive isolation from European conspecifics FEMS Yeast Res 1 299–306 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XivVyrurc%3D Occurrence Handle12702333

    CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • M Špírek J Yang C Groth RF Petersen RB Langkjær ES Naumova P Sulo GI Naumov J Piškur (2003) ArticleTitleSaccharomyces sensu lato chromosomes are highly dynamic FEMS Yeast Res 3 363–373 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S1567-1356(02)00204-0 Occurrence Handle12748049 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXjs1eksL8%3D

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  • H Stender C Kurtzman JJ Hyldig-Nielsen D Sørensen A Broomer K Oliveira H Perry-O'Keefe A Sage B Young J Coull (2001) ArticleTitleIdentification of Dekkera bruxellensis (Brettanomyces) from wine by fluorescence in situ hybridization using peptide nucleic acid probes Appl Environ Microbiol 67 938–941 Occurrence Handle10.1128/AEM.67.2.938-941.2001 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXhtFSltL8%3D Occurrence Handle11157265

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • JW Taylor DJ Jacobson S Kroken T Kasuga DM Geiser DS Hibbett MC Fisher (2000) ArticleTitlePhylogenetic species recognition and species concepts in fungi Fungal Genet Biol 31 21–32 Occurrence Handle10.1006/fgbi.2000.1228 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzitFegtg%3D%3D Occurrence Handle11118132

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Vaughan-Martini CP Kurtzman (1985) ArticleTitleDeoxyribonucleic acid relatedness among species of the genus Saccharomyces sensu stricto Int J Syst Bacteriol 35 508–511 Occurrence Handle10.1099/00207713-35-4-508

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • A Vaughan-Martini CP Kurtzman SA Meyer EB O'Neill (2005) ArticleTitleTwo new species in the Pichia guilliermondii clade: Pichia caribbica sp. nov., the ascosporic state of Candida fermentati, and Candida carpophila comb. nov FEMS Yeast Res 5 463–469 Occurrence Handle10.1016/j.femsyr.2004.10.008 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXhtVGqt7s%3D Occurrence Handle15691751

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • A Vaughan-Martini A Martini (1987) ArticleTitleThree newly delimited species of Saccharomyces sensu stricto Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 53 77–84 Occurrence Handle10.1007/BF00419503

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Y Yamada K Mikata I Banno (1993) ArticleTitleReidentification of 121 strains of the genus Saccharomyces Bull Jpn Fed Cult Coll 9 95–119

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Microbial Genomics and Bioprocessing Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, 1815 N. University Street, Peoria, IL, 61604, USA

    Cletus P. Kurtzman

Authors
  1. Cletus P. Kurtzman
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Cletus P. Kurtzman.

About this article

Cite this article

Kurtzman, C. Yeast species recognition from gene sequence analyses and other molecular methods. Mycoscience 47, 65–71 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-006-0280-1

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10267-006-0280-1

Key words

Search

Navigation