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Botulinum toxin: evidence-based medicine criteria in blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm

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Abstract

Botulinum A toxin is recognized and approved for symptomatic treatment of hemifacial spasm and blepharospasm. The state of trials is good, although double-blind placebo-controlled studies have been carried out involving only a small number of cases. Open case control studies have been done with large patient collectives. In both indications, treatment with botulinum toxin reaches the highest EBM degree in a critical evaluation.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Neurology, and Clinical Neurophysiology, Deutsche Klinik für Diagnostik, Aukammallee 33, 65191 Wiesbaden, Germany, Tel.: ++49-611-577321, Fax: ++49-611-577311, e-mail: jost@botulinumtoxin.de, , , , , , DE

    Wolfgang H. Jost & André Kohl

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  1. Wolfgang H. Jost
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  2. André Kohl
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Jost, W., Kohl, A. Botulinum toxin: evidence-based medicine criteria in blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. J Neurol 248 (Suppl 1), I21–I24 (2001). https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00007813

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/PL00007813

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