Abstract
This work investigates the gapped interfaces of 3+1d fracton phases of matter using foliated gauge theories and lattice models. We analyze the gapped boundaries and gapped interfaces in X cube model, and the gapped interfaces between the X-cube model and the toric code. The gapped interfaces are either “undecorated” or “decorated”, where the “decorated” interfaces have additional Chern-Simons like actions for foliated gauge fields. We discover many new gapped boundaries and interfaces, such as (1) a gapped boundary for X-cube model where the electric lineons orthogonal to the interface become the magnetic lineons, the latter are the composite of magnetic planons; (2) a Kramers-Wannier-duality type gapped interface between the X-cube model and the toric code model from gauging planar subsystem one-form symmetry; and (3) an electromagnetic duality interface in the X-cube model that exchanges the electric and magnetic lineons.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Xie Chen, Tyler Ellison, Ho-Tat Lam, Dan Sehayek, Shu-Heng Shao, Kevin Slagle, and Nathanan Tantivasadakarn for helpful discussions. We thank Kevin Slagle, Nathanan Tantivasadakarn and Dominic J. Williamson for comments on the draft. Z.-X. L. thanks Yu-An Chen for discussions on interfaces between two 3d toric codes. We thank an anonymous JHEP referee for pointing us to [87], which concretely makes the connection between exotic and foliated field theories. The work of P.-S.H. is supported by Simons Collaboration of Global Categorical Symmetries. Z.-X. L. is supported by the Simons Collaboration on Ultra-Quantum Matter, which is a grant from the Simons Foundation (651440, Z.-X. L.) from the Simons Foundation.
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Hsin, PS., Luo, ZX. & Malladi, A. Gapped interfaces in fracton models and foliated fields. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 89 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2023)089
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP11(2023)089