Abstract
The sine-Gordon model in 3+1 dimensions is known to admit two oscillons of different energy and frequency but comparable lifetime. We show that the oscillon spectrum includes more spherically symmetric “states”. We identify new high-amplitude oscillons by allowing the field profile to have a number of nodes. For each number of nodes, we find 2 states with a comparable lifetime to the nodeless ones. Oscillons with nodes are, however, unstable to non-spherical perturbations and so their lifetime is significantly reduced. Interestingly, these states are seen to fragment into a collection of nodeless oscillons. The heavy nodeless oscillon is quite remarkable: despite its energy, it is stable against fragmentation. Moreover, it has considerably small oscillation frequency, meaning that it can be interpreted as a rather relativistic bound state.
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Acknowledgments
We thank Mark Hertzberg, Alex Pomarol and Sergey Sibiryakov for useful discussions. The research leading to these results has received funding from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (PID2020-115845GB-I00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033). IFAE is partially funded by the CERCA program of the Generalitat de Catalunya. EIS acknowledges support of a fellowship from “la Caixa” Foundation (ID 100010434) and from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 847648. The fellowship code is LCF/BQ/PI20/11760021. The research leading to these results has received funding from the ESF under the program Ayudas predoctorales of the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación PRE2020-094420.
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van Dissel, F., Pujolàs, O. & Sfakianakis, E.I. Oscillon spectroscopy. J. High Energ. Phys. 2023, 194 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2023)194
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2023)194