Abstract
In this paper, we study the spatial correlations among quarks and antiquarks produced at mid-rapidity by gluon pair production in the color glass condensate framework. This paper is the first part of a series in which we calculate a complete set of quark/quark, quark/antiquark, and antiquark/antiquark spatial correlation functions in heavy-light ion collisions, with the goal of incorporating their conserved charges into the initial conditions of hydrodynamics. The physical mechanisms captured in this calculation include geometric, entanglement, and interaction-mediated correlations. In this first paper, we construct the building blocks for the correlations arising from single- and double-pair production, studying in detail the single-pair case and the general features of the double-pair case. We find a rich correlation structure in transverse coordinate space, with different mechanisms dominating over different length scales, and we present explicit results for the quark-antiquark correlations in the single-pair production regime. We reserve a detailed discussion of the double-pair production regime for the next paper in this sequence.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
B. Alver and G. Roland, Collision geometry fluctuations and triangular flow in heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rev. C 81 (2010) 054905 [Erratum ibid. C 82 (2010) 039903] [arXiv:1003.0194] [INSPIRE].
C. Loizides, J. Nagle and P. Steinberg, Improved version of the PHOBOS Glauber Monte Carlo, SoftwareX 1-2 (2015) 13 [arXiv:1408.2549] [INSPIRE].
C. Gale et al., Event-by-event anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions from combined Yang-Mills and viscous fluid dynamics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 110 (2013) 012302 [arXiv:1209.6330] [INSPIRE].
H. Mäntysaari, B. Schenke, C. Shen and P. Tribedy, Imprints of fluctuating proton shapes on flow in proton-lead collisions at the LHC, Phys. Lett. B 772 (2017) 681 [arXiv:1705.03177] [INSPIRE].
Y.V. Kovchegov and E. Levin, Quantum chromodynamics at high energy, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge U.K. (2012).
B. Schenke, P. Tribedy and R. Venugopalan, Fluctuating glasma initial conditions and flow in heavy ion collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 252301 [arXiv:1202.6646] [INSPIRE].
B. Schenke, P. Tribedy and R. Venugopalan, Multiplicity distributions in p+p, p+A and A+A collisions from Yang-Mills dynamics, Phys. Rev. C 89 (2014) 024901 [arXiv:1311.3636] [INSPIRE].
H. Mäntysaari and B. Schenke, Revealing proton shape fluctuations with incoherent diffraction at high energy, Phys. Rev. D 94 (2016) 034042 [arXiv:1607.01711] [INSPIRE].
H. Mäntysaari and B. Schenke, Evidence of strong proton shape fluctuations from incoherent diffraction, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016) 052301 [arXiv:1603.04349] [INSPIRE].
H. Mäntysaari and B. Schenke, Probing subnucleon scale fluctuations in ultraperipheral heavy ion collisions, Phys. Lett. B 772 (2017) 832 [arXiv:1703.09256] [INSPIRE].
K. Dusling, W. Li and B. Schenke, Novel collective phenomena in high-energy proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions, Int. J. Mod. Phys. E 25 (2016) 1630002 [arXiv:1509.07939] [INSPIRE].
R. Venugopalan, The initial state and hard probes: a brief review, Nucl. Part. Phys. Proc. 289-290 (2017) 25 [arXiv:1612.08688] [INSPIRE].
A. Dumitru, F. Gelis, L. McLerran and R. Venugopalan, Glasma flux tubes and the near side ridge phenomenon at RHIC, Nucl. Phys. A 810 (2008) 91 [arXiv:0804.3858] [INSPIRE].
K. Dusling, F. Gelis, T. Lappi and R. Venugopalan, Long range two-particle rapidity correlations in A + A collisions from high energy QCD evolution, Nucl. Phys. A 836 (2010) 159 [arXiv:0911.2720] [INSPIRE].
B. Schenke and S. Schlichting, 3D glasma initial state for relativistic heavy ion collisions, Phys. Rev. C 94 (2016) 044907 [arXiv:1605.07158] [INSPIRE].
A. Dumitru et al., The ridge in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, Phys. Lett. B 697 (2011) 21 [arXiv:1009.5295] [INSPIRE].
K. Dusling and R. Venugopalan, Comparison of the color glass condensate to dihadron correlations in proton-proton and proton-nucleus collisions, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 094034 [arXiv:1302.7018] [INSPIRE].
K. Dusling and R. Venugopalan, Azimuthal collimation of long range rapidity correlations by strong color fields in high multiplicity hadron-hadron collisions, Phys. Rev. Lett. 108 (2012) 262001 [arXiv:1201.2658] [INSPIRE].
K. Dusling, P. Tribedy and R. Venugopalan, Energy dependence of the ridge in high multiplicity proton-proton collisions, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 014034 [arXiv:1509.04410] [INSPIRE].
A. Dumitru, L. McLerran and V. Skokov, Azimuthal asymmetries and the emergence of “collectivity” from multi-particle correlations in high-energy pA collisions, Phys. Lett. B 743 (2015) 134 [arXiv:1410.4844] [INSPIRE].
T. Lappi, S. Srednyak and R. Venugopalan, Non-perturbative computation of double inclusive gluon production in the glasma, JHEP 01 (2010) 066 [arXiv:0911.2068] [INSPIRE].
B. Schenke, S. Schlichting and R. Venugopalan, Azimuthal anisotropies in p+Pb collisions from classical Yang-Mills dynamics, Phys. Lett. B 747 (2015) 76 [arXiv:1502.01331] [INSPIRE].
B. Zhang, C.M. Ko, B.-A. Li and Z.-w. Lin, A multiphase transport model for nuclear collisions at RHIC, Phys. Rev. C 61 (2000) 067901 [nucl-th/9907017] [INSPIRE].
L.-G. Pang et al., Decorrelation of anisotropic flow along the longitudinal direction, Eur. Phys. J. A 52 (2016) 97 [arXiv:1511.04131] [INSPIRE].
W. Broniowski and P. Bożek, Simple model for rapidity fluctuations in the initial state of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rev. C 93 (2016) 064910 [arXiv:1512.01945] [INSPIRE].
C. Shen and B. Schenke, Dynamical initial state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rev. C 97 (2018) 024907 [arXiv:1710.00881] [INSPIRE].
T. Altinoluk et al., Quark correlations in the Color Glass Condensate: Pauli blocking and the ridge, Phys. Rev. D 95 (2017) 034025 [arXiv:1610.03020] [INSPIRE].
T. Altinoluk, N. Armesto and D.E. Wertepny, Correlations and the ridge in the Color Glass Condensate beyond the glasma graph approximation, JHEP 05 (2018) 207 [arXiv:1804.02910] [INSPIRE].
A. Kovner, M. Lublinsky and V. Skokov, Initial state qqg correlations as a background for the chiral magnetic effect in collision of small systems, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 096003 [arXiv:1706.02330] [INSPIRE].
A. Kovner and A.H. Rezaeian, Double parton scattering in the CGC: double quark production and effects of quantum statistics, Phys. Rev. D 96 (2017) 074018 [arXiv:1707.06985] [INSPIRE].
A. Kovner and A.H. Rezaeian, Multiquark production in p + A collisions: Quantum interference effects, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 074008 [arXiv:1801.04875] [INSPIRE].
T. Lappi, B. Schenke, S. Schlichting and R. Venugopalan, Tracing the origin of azimuthal gluon correlations in the color glass condensate, JHEP 01 (2016) 061 [arXiv:1509.03499] [INSPIRE].
K. Itakura, Y.V. Kovchegov, L. McLerran and D. Teaney, Baryon stopping and valence quark distribution at small x, Nucl. Phys. A 730 (2004) 160 [hep-ph/0305332] [INSPIRE].
D. Kharzeev, Can gluons trace baryon number?, Phys. Lett. B 378 (1996) 238 [nucl-th/9602027] [INSPIRE].
A. Capella and B.Z. Kopeliovich, Novel mechanism of nucleon stopping in heavy ion collisions, Phys. Lett. B 381 (1996) 325 [hep-ph/9603279] [INSPIRE].
G.C. Rossi and G. Veneziano, A possible description of baryon dynamics in dual and gauge theories, Nucl. Phys. B 123 (1977) 507 [INSPIRE].
ALICE collaboration, Insight into particle production mechanisms via angular correlations of identified particles in pp collisions at \( \sqrt{s}=7 \) TeV, Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 569 [arXiv:1612.08975] [INSPIRE].
Y.V. Kovchegov and K. Tuchin, Production of \( q\overline{q} \) pairs in proton-nucleus collisions at high energies, Phys. Rev. D 74 (2006) 054014 [hep-ph/0603055] [INSPIRE].
F. Gelis, K. Kajantie and T. Lappi, Quark-antiquark production from classical fields in heavy ion collisions: 1 + 1 dimensions, Phys. Rev. C 71 (2005) 024904 [hep-ph/0409058] [INSPIRE].
J.P. Blaizot, F. Gelis and R. Venugopalan, High-energy pA collisions in the color glass condensate approach. 2. Quark production, Nucl. Phys. A 743 (2004) 57 [hep-ph/0402257] [INSPIRE].
H. Fujii, F. Gelis and R. Venugopalan, Quark pair production in high energy pA collisions: general features, Nucl. Phys. A 780 (2006) 146 [hep-ph/0603099] [INSPIRE].
F. Gelis and R. Venugopalan, Large mass \( q\overline{q} \) production from the color glass condensate, Phys. Rev. D 69 (2004) 014019 [hep-ph/0310090] [INSPIRE].
E.M. Levin et al., Heavy quark production in semihard nucleon interactions, Sov. J. Nucl. Phys. 53 (1991) 657 [INSPIRE].
Y.V. Kovchegov and D.E. Wertepny, Long-range rapidity correlations in heavy-light ion collisions, Nucl. Phys. A 906 (2013) 50 [arXiv:1212.1195] [INSPIRE].
W. Kittel and E.A. De Wolf, Soft multihadron dynamics, World Scientific, Singapore (2005).
CMS collaboration, Observation of long-range near-side angular correlations in proton-proton collisions at the LHC, JHEP 09 (2010) 091 [arXiv:1009.4122] [INSPIRE].
C.J. Plumberg, C. Shen and U.W. Heinz, Hanbury-Brown-Twiss interferometry relative to the triangular flow plane in heavy-ion collisions, Phys. Rev. C 88 (2013) 044914 [arXiv:1306.1485] [INSPIRE].
M.E. Peskin and D.V. Schroeder, An Introduction to quantum field theory, Addison-Wesley, Reading U.S.A. (1995), see http://www.slac.stanford.edu/~mpeskin/QFT.html.
J.D. Bjorken, J.B. Kogut and D.E. Soper, Quantum electrodynamics at infinite momentum: scattering from an external field, Phys. Rev. D 3 (1971) 1382 [INSPIRE].
G.P. Lepage and S.J. Brodsky, Exclusive processes in perturbative quantum chromodynamics, Phys. Rev. D 22 (1980) 2157 [INSPIRE].
S.J. Brodsky, H.-C. Pauli and S.S. Pinsky, Quantum chromodynamics and other field theories on the light cone, Phys. Rept. 301 (1998) 299 [hep-ph/9705477] [INSPIRE].
Y.V. Kovchegov and M.D. Sievert, Calculating TMDs of a large nucleus: quasi-classical approximation and quantum evolution, Nucl. Phys. B 903 (2016) 164 [arXiv:1505.01176] [INSPIRE].
A.H. Mueller, A Simple derivation of the JIMWLK equation, Phys. Lett. B 523 (2001) 243 [hep-ph/0110169] [INSPIRE].
L.D. McLerran and R. Venugopalan, Computing quark and gluon distribution functions for very large nuclei, Phys. Rev. D 49 (1994) 2233 [hep-ph/9309289] [INSPIRE].
L.D. McLerran and R. Venugopalan, Gluon distribution functions for very large nuclei at small transverse momentum, Phys. Rev. D 49 (1994) 3352 [hep-ph/9311205] [INSPIRE].
L.D. McLerran and R. Venugopalan, Green’s functions in the color field of a large nucleus, Phys. Rev. D 50 (1994) 2225 [hep-ph/9402335] [INSPIRE].
F. Dominguez, C. Marquet and B. Wu, On multiple scatterings of mesons in hot and cold QCD matter, Nucl. Phys. A 823 (2009) 99 [arXiv:0812.3878] [INSPIRE].
K.J. Golec-Biernat and M. Wusthoff, Saturation effects in deep inelastic scattering at low Q 2 and its implications on diffraction, Phys. Rev. D 59 (1998) 014017 [hep-ph/9807513] [INSPIRE].
H. Mäntysaari and R. Venugopalan, Systematics of strong nuclear amplification of gluon saturation from exclusive vector meson production in high energy electron-nucleus collisions, Phys. Lett. B 781 (2018) 664 [arXiv:1712.02508] [INSPIRE].
A. Dumitru et al., Renormalization group evolution of multi-gluon correlators in high energy QCD, Phys. Lett. B 706 (2011) 219 [arXiv:1108.4764] [INSPIRE].
F. Dominguez, C. Marquet, A.M. Stasto and B.-W. Xiao, Universality of multiparticle production in QCD at high energies, Phys. Rev. D 87 (2013) 034007 [arXiv:1210.1141 [INSPIRE].
E. Iancu and D.N. Triantafyllopoulos, Higher-point correlations from the JIMWLK evolution, JHEP 11 (2011) 105 [arXiv:1109.0302] [INSPIRE].
E. Iancu and D.N. Triantafyllopoulos, JIMWLK evolution in the Gaussian approximation, JHEP 04 (2012) 025 [arXiv:1112.1104] [INSPIRE].
S. Floerchinger and M. Martinez, Fluid dynamic propagation of initial baryon number perturbations on a Bjorken flow background, Phys. Rev. C 92 (2015) 064906 [arXiv:1507.05569] [INSPIRE].
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
ArXiv ePrint: 1801.08986
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Martinez, M., Sievert, M.D. & Wertepny, D.E. Toward initial conditions of conserved charges. Part I. Spatial correlations of quarks and antiquarks. J. High Energ. Phys. 2018, 3 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2018)003
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP07(2018)003