Abstract
Conventional scenarios of electroweak (EW) baryogenesis are strongly constrained by experimental searches for CP violation beyond the SM. We propose an alternative scenario where the EW phase transition and baryogenesis occur at temperatures of the order of a new physics threshold Λ far above the Fermi scale, say, in the 100–1000 TeV range. This way the needed new sources of CP-violation, together with possible associated flavor-violating effects, decouple from low energy observables. The key ingredient is a new CP- and flavor-conserving sector at the Fermi scale that ensures the EW symmetry remains broken and sphalerons suppressed at all temperatures below Λ.
We analyze a minimal incarnation based on a linear O(N) model. We identify a specific large-N limit where the effects of the new sector are vanishingly small at zero temperature while being significant at finite temperature. This crucially helps the construction of realistic models. A number of accidental factors, ultimately related to the size of the relevant SM couplings, force N to be above ∼ 100. Such a large N may seem bizarre, but it does not affect the simplicity of the model and in fact it allows us to carry out a consistent re-summation of the leading contributions to the thermal effective potential. Extensions of the SM Higgs sector can be compatible with smaller values N ∼ 20–30.
Collider signatures are all parametrically suppressed by inverse powers of N and may be challenging to probe, but present constraints from direct dark matter searches cannot be accommodated in the minimal model. We discuss various extensions that satisfy all current bounds. One of these involves a new gauge force confining at scales between ∼ 1 GeV and the weak scale.
Article PDF
Similar content being viewed by others
Avoid common mistakes on your manuscript.
References
S. Dimopoulos and L. Susskind, On the baryon number of the universe, Phys. Rev. D 18 (1978) 4500 [INSPIRE].
V.A. Kuzmin, V.A. Rubakov and M.E. Shaposhnikov, On the anomalous electroweak baryon number nonconservation in the early universe, Phys. Lett. B 155 (1985) 36.
A.G. Cohen, D.B. Kaplan and A.E. Nelson, Weak scale baryogenesis, Phys. Lett. B 245 (1990) 561 [INSPIRE].
C. Grojean, G. Servant and J.D. Wells, First-order electroweak phase transition in the standard model with a low cutoff, Phys. Rev. D 71 (2005) 036001 [hep-ph/0407019] [INSPIRE].
ACME collaboration, Improved limit on the electric dipole moment of the electron, Nature 562 (2018) 355.
V. Cirigliano, Y. Li, S. Profumo and M.J. Ramsey-Musolf, MSSM baryogenesis and electric dipole moments: an update on the phenomenology, JHEP 01 (2010) 002 [arXiv:0910.4589] [INSPIRE].
M. D’Onofrio, K. Rummukainen and A. Tranberg, Sphaleron rate in the minimal standard model, Phys. Rev. Lett. 113 (2014) 141602 [arXiv:1404.3565] [INSPIRE].
N.S. Manton, Topology in the Weinberg-Salam theory, Phys. Rev. D 28 (1983) 2019 [INSPIRE].
F.R. Klinkhamer and N.S. Manton, A saddle point solution in the Weinberg-Salam theory, Phys. Rev. D 30 (1984) 2212 [INSPIRE].
B. Kleihaus, J. Kunz and Y. Brihaye, The electroweak sphaleron at physical mixing angle, Phys. Lett. B 273 (1991) 100 [INSPIRE].
G.D. Moore, C.-r. Hu and B. Müller, Chern-Simons number diffusion with hard thermal loops, Phys. Rev. D 58 (1998) 045001 [hep-ph/9710436] [INSPIRE].
P.B. Arnold and L.D. McLerran, Sphalerons, small fluctuations and baryon number violation in electroweak theory, Phys. Rev. D 36 (1987) 581 [INSPIRE].
S. Weinberg, Gauge and global symmetries at high temperature, Phys. Rev. D 9 (1974) 3357 [INSPIRE].
R.N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanović, Broken symmetries at high temperature, Phys. Rev. D 20 (1979) 3390 [INSPIRE].
R.N. Mohapatra and G. Senjanović, Soft CP-violation at High temperature, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42 (1979) 1651 [INSPIRE].
P. Salomonson, B.S. Skagerstam and A. Stern, On the primordial monopole problem in grand unified theories, Phys. Lett. B 151 (1985) 243.
G.R. Dvali, A. Melfo and G. Senjanović, Is there a monopole problem?, Phys. Rev. Lett. 75 (1995) 4559 [hep-ph/9507230] [INSPIRE].
S. Dodelson and L.M. Widrow, Baryon symmetric baryogenesis, Phys. Rev. Lett. 64 (1990) 340 [INSPIRE].
M.J. Ramsey-Musolf, P. Winslow and G. White, Color breaking baryogenesis, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 123509 [arXiv:1708.07511] [INSPIRE].
P. Meade and H. Ramani, Unrestored electroweak symmetry, Phys. Rev. Lett. 122 (2019) 041802 [arXiv:1807.07578] [INSPIRE].
I. Baldes and G. Servant, High scale electroweak phase transition: baryogenesis & symmetry non-restoration, JHEP 10 (2018) 053 [arXiv:1807.08770] [INSPIRE].
V. Agrawal, S.M. Barr, J.F. Donoghue and D. Seckel, Viable range of the mass scale of the standard model, Phys. Rev. D 57 (1998) 5480 [hep-ph/9707380] [INSPIRE].
N. Arkani-Hamed, S. Dimopoulos and S. Kachru, Predictive landscapes and new physics at a TeV, hep-th/0501082 [INSPIRE].
L. Senatore, Hierarchy from baryogenesis, Phys. Rev. D 73 (2006) 043513 [hep-ph/0507257] [INSPIRE].
P.H. Ginsparg, First order and second order phase transitions in gauge theories at finite temperature, Nucl. Phys. B 170 (1980) 388 [INSPIRE].
A.D. Linde, Infrared problem in thermodynamics of the Yang-Mills gas, Phys. Lett. B 96 (1980) 289.
D.J. Gross, R.D. Pisarski and L.G. Yaffe, QCD and instantons at finite temperature, Rev. Mod. Phys. 53 (1981) 43 [INSPIRE].
T. Appelquist and R.D. Pisarski, High-temperature Yang-Mills theories and three-dimensional quantum chromodynamics, Phys. Rev. D 23 (1981) 2305 [INSPIRE].
D. Curtin, P. Meade and C.-T. Yu, Testing electroweak baryogenesis with future colliders, JHEP 11 (2014) 127 [arXiv:1409.0005] [INSPIRE].
S. Dawson et al., Working group report: Higgs boson, arXiv:1310.8361 [INSPIRE].
J.M. Cline, K. Kainulainen, P. Scott and C. Weniger, Update on scalar singlet dark matter, Phys. Rev. D 88 (2013) 055025 [Erratum ibid. D 92 (2015) 039906] [arXiv:1306.4710] [INSPIRE].
A. Beniwal et al., Combined analysis of effective Higgs portal dark matter models, Phys. Rev. D 93 (2016) 115016 [arXiv:1512.06458] [INSPIRE].
GAMBIT collaboration, Status of the scalar singlet dark matter model, Eur. Phys. J. C 77 (2017) 568 [arXiv:1705.07931] [INSPIRE].
XENON collaboration, First dark matter search results from the XENON1T experiment, Phys. Rev. Lett. 119 (2017) 181301 [arXiv:1705.06655] [INSPIRE].
S. Tremaine and J.E. Gunn, Dynamical role of light neutral leptons in cosmology, Phys. Rev. Lett. 42 (1979) 407 [INSPIRE].
P. Creminelli, A. Nicolis and R. Rattazzi, Holography and the electroweak phase transition, JHEP 03 (2002) 051 [hep-th/0107141] [INSPIRE].
R. Contino, Y. Nomura and A. Pomarol, Higgs as a holographic pseudo-Goldstone boson, Nucl. Phys. B 671 (2003) 148 [hep-ph/0306259] [INSPIRE].
K. Agashe, R. Contino and A. Pomarol, The minimal composite Higgs model, Nucl. Phys. B 719 (2005) 165 [hep-ph/0412089] [INSPIRE].
B. Keren-Zur et al., On Partial Compositeness and the CP asymmetry in charm decays, Nucl. Phys. B 867 (2013) 394 [arXiv:1205.5803] [INSPIRE].
M. Frigerio, M. Nardecchia, J. Serra and L. Vecchi, The bearable compositeness of leptons, JHEP 10 (2018) 017 [arXiv:1807.04279] [INSPIRE].
N. Arkani-Hamed et al., Solving the hierarchy problem at reheating with a large number of degrees of freedom, Phys. Rev. Lett. 117 (2016) 251801 [arXiv:1607.06821] [INSPIRE].
T. Cohen, R.T. D’Agnolo and M. Low, Freezing in the hierarchy problem, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 031702 [arXiv:1808.02031] [INSPIRE].
A. Belyaev et al., Anatomy of the inert two Higgs doublet model in the light of the LHC and non-LHC dark matter searches, Phys. Rev. D 97 (2018) 035011 [arXiv:1612.00511] [INSPIRE].
R. Contino, A. Mitridate, A. Podo and M. Redi, Gluequark dark matter, JHEP 02 (2019) 187 [arXiv:1811.06975] [INSPIRE].
C. Gross, A. Mitridate, M. Redi, J. Smirnov and A. Strumia, Cosmological abundance of colored relics, Phys. Rev. D 99 (2019) 016024 [arXiv:1811.08418] [INSPIRE].
Open Access
This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC-BY 4.0), which permits any use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
ArXiv ePrint: 1811.11740
Rights and permissions
Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made.
The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder.
To view a copy of this licence, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
About this article
Cite this article
Glioti, A., Rattazzi, R. & Vecchi, L. Electroweak baryogenesis above the electroweak scale. J. High Energ. Phys. 2019, 27 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2019)027
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2019)027