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Nucleation studies in supersaturated potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate solution and the effect of soluble impurities

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Abstract

Nucleation rates as indicated by induction period have been studied for supersaturated solutions of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate with and without the addition of soluble impurities in the temperature range 20 to 40° C. The effects of temperature, supersaturation and impurity content are reported. The interfacial tension, energy of formation and critical radius of nuclei of the crystal are calculated based on classical nucleation theory. The presence of soluble impurities enhances the nucleation rate of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate crystals.

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Abbreviations

ΔG :

energy of formation of nucleus

B :

a constant

J :

frequency of formation of nuclei

k :

Boltzmann constant

K :

a constant

m :

slope of line plot lnτ against 1/ln2 (X/X 0)

N :

Avogadro's number

R :

gas constant

r :

radius of sphere inscribed in the crystal nucleus in equilibrium with solution

T :

temperature (K)

U 1 :

energy of activation for the molar transition from phase 1 (solution) to phase 2 (crystal)

v :

volume per molecule in solid phase

V :

molar volume of crystal

x :

mole fraction of solute in the supersaturated salt solution at temperaturet

x 0 :

mole fraction of solute in the salt solution saturated at temperaturet

μ 1 :

chemical potential of supersaturated solution

μ 10 :

chemical potential of saturated solution

μ r :

chemical potential of nucleus of radiusr

μ α :

chemical potential of nucleus of infinite radius

σ :

interfacial tension of crystal

τ :

induction period

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Crystal Growth Centre, Anna University, 600 025, Madras, India

    M. Shanmugham, F. D. Gnanam & P. Ramasamy

Authors
  1. M. Shanmugham
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  2. F. D. Gnanam
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  3. P. Ramasamy
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Shanmugham, M., Gnanam, F.D. & Ramasamy, P. Nucleation studies in supersaturated potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate solution and the effect of soluble impurities. J Mater Sci 19, 2837–2844 (1984). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01026958

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