Skip to main content

Ionisation und Dissoziation von Gasen und Dämpfen durch Elektronenstoß

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Ergebnisse der Exakten Naturwissenschaften

Part of the book series: Ergebnisse der Exakten Naturwissenschaften ((STMP,volume 29))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Literatur

  1. Ahearn, A. J., andH. B. Hannay: The formation of negative ions of sulfur hexafluoride. J. Chem. Phys.21, 119 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  2. American Petrol Inst. Tables of mass spectral data. Carnegie Inst. of Technology, Pittsburgh, Pa.

    Google Scholar 

  3. Antkiw, St., andV. H. Dibeler: Mass spectrum of gallium vapor. J. Chem. Phys.21, 1890 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  4. Applied Mass Spectrometry, Rep. of a Conference in 1953. The Institute of Petroleum. London 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Arnot, F. L., andM. B. M'Ewen: The formation of helium molecules. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A166, 543 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  6. Bacher, R. F., andS. Goudsmit: Atomic energy states. New York: McGraw Hill Book Comp. 1932.

    Google Scholar 

  7. Bailey, V. A.: On the attachement of electrons in gas molecules. Philosophic. Mag.50, 825 (1925).

    Google Scholar 

  8. Bailey, J. E., R. E. B. Mattinson andJ. M. Sommeville: The behaviour of electrons in bromine. Philosophic. Mag.24, 177 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  9. Bailey, T. L., J. M. McGuise andE. E. Muschlitz: Formation of negative ions in hydrocarbon gases. J. Chem. Phys.22, 2088 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  10. Baker, R. F., andJ. T. Tate: Ionization and dissociation by electron impact in CCl2F2 and in CCl4 vapor. Physic. Rev.53, 683 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  11. Barnard, G. P.: A new ion source for mass-spectrometry. Nature (London)164, 283 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  12. Barnard, G. P.: Ion sources using electron guns for mass spectrometry. Mass spectrometry, Inst. of Petroleum, London, 76 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  13. Bates, D. R., andH. S. W. Massey: Philosophic. Trans. Roy. Soc. (London) A239, 269 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  14. Bates, D. R., A. Fundaminsky, J. W. Leech andH. S. W. Massey: Excication and ionization of atoms by electron impact. II. Philosophic. Trans. Roy. Soc. (London) A243, 117 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  15. Berry, C. E.: Effects of initial energy on mass spectra. Physic. Rev.78, 597 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  16. Biondi, M. A.: Attachement of thermal electrons in O2. Physic. Rev.84, 1072 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  17. Bleakney, W.: A study of the ions produced in mercury vapor by electron impact. Physic. Rev.35, 1180 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  18. Bleakney, W.: The ionization of molecular hydrogen. Physic. Rev.40, 496 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  19. Blewett, J. P.: Mass spectrograph analysis of bromine. Physic. Rev.49, 900 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  20. Bloch, F., andN. E. Bradbury: On the mechanism of unimolecular electron capture. Physic. Rev.48, 689 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  21. Bloom, E. G., F. L. Mohler, J. H. Lengel andC. E. Wise: Metastable transitions in mass spectra of fiftysix hydrocarbons. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.40, 437 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  22. Bloom, E. G., F. L. Mohler, C. E. Wise andE. J. Wells: Metastable transitions in mass spectra of hydrocarbons. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.43, 65 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  23. Bloom, E. G., F. L. Mohler, J. H. Lengel andC. E. Wise: Mass spectra of octanes. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.41, 129 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  24. Bradbury, N. E.: Formation of negative ions in gases by electron attachement. J. Chem. Phys.2, 827 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  25. Bradbury, N. E., andH. E. Tatel: The formation of negative ions in gases. J. Chem. Phys.2, 835 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  26. Branscomb, L. M., andSt. J. Smith: Electron affinity of atomic oxygen. Physic. Rev.98, 1127 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  27. Branson, H., andC. Smith: J. Amer. Chem. Soc.75, 4133 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  28. Brinton, R., andF. E. Blacet: Mass spectrometrie study of a mixture of deuterated acetaldehydes. J. Chem. Phys.17, 797 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  29. Brode, R. B.: The quantitative study of the collisions of electrons with atoms. Rev. Mod. Physic.5, 257 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  30. Brook, M., andJ. Kaplan: Dissociation energy of NO and N2. Physic. Rev.96, 1540 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  31. Buchdahl, R.: Negative ion formation in iodine vapour by electron impacts. J. Chem. Phys.9, 146 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  32. Burhop, E. H. S., H. J. W. Massey andC. Watt: The characteristics of discharges in magnetic fields. New York: McGraw Hill 1949.

    Google Scholar 

  33. Chandrasekhar, S.: Astrophysic. J.102, 223 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  34. Clarke, M. E.: Ionization propability curves using an electron selector. Results on N2+, N+, Xe++. Canad. J. Phys.32, 764 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  35. Coggeshall, N. D.: Discrimination in mass spectrometer ion sources. J. Chem. Phys.12, 19 (1944).

    Google Scholar 

  36. Coggeshall, N. D., andE. B. Jordan: An experimental mass spectrometer. Rev. Sci. Instr.14, 125 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  37. Coggeshall, N. D., andN. F. Kerr: Mass spectrometer studies of thermal decomposition products from hydrocarbon. J. Chem. Phys.17, 1016 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  38. Collin, J.: Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège20, 707 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  39. Collin, J.: Les spectres de masse des amines aliphatiques. Bull. Soc. Roy. Scie. Liège No.11, 446 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  40. Collin, J.: Ionisation et dissociation des nitroparaffines par impact électronique. Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège. No. 6-7-8, 194 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  41. Collin, J.: Spectrometrie de masse de dérivés azotés dialkylnitrosamines et nitrosodérivés. Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège No. 6-7-8, 201 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  42. Craggs, J. D., C. A. McDowell andJ. W. Warren: Electron capture processes in polyatomic molecules. Trans. Farad. Soc.48, 1093 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  43. Cravath, A. M.: The rate of formation of negative ions by electron attachement. Physic. Rev.33, 605 (1929).

    Google Scholar 

  44. Cummings, C. S., andW. Bleakney: Products of ionization by electron impact in methyl and ethyl alcohol. Physic. Rev.58, 787 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  45. Dibeler, V. H., C. E. Wise andF. L. Mohler: Metastable ion transitions in the mass spectra of monochlor propenes. Physic. Rev.71, 381 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  46. Dibeler, V. H., F. L. Mohler andR. M. Reese: Mass-spectrometer study of the rare gases. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.38, 617 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  47. Dibeler, V. H., andF. L. Mohler: J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.40, 25 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  48. Dibeler, V. H.: Ionization and dissociation of cis- and trans-2 butene by electron impact. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.38, 329 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  49. Dibeler, V. H., andF. L. Mohler: Dissociation of SF6, CF4 and SiF4 by electron impact. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.40, 25 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  50. Dibeler, V. H., F. L. Mohler, L. Williamson andR. M. Reese: Mass spectrum of B5H9. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.43, 97 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  51. Dibeler, V. H., E. J. Wells andR. M. Reese: Mass spectra of C13O2 and C13O. Physic. Rev.79, 223 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  52. Dibeler, V. H., andF. L. Mohler: Mass spectra of some organic lead and organic mercury compounds. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.47, 337 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  53. Dibeler, V. H., R. M. Reese andF. L. Mohler: The ionization of the CF3 radical and some fluorocarbon bond energies obtained by electron impact. J. Chem. Phys.20, 761 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  54. Dibeler, V. H., andR. B. Bernstein: Isotope effect on dissociation probabilities in the mass-spectra of chloroform and chloroform-d. J. Chem. Phys.19, 404 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  55. Dibeler, V. H.: Mass spectra of the tetramethyl compounds of carbon, silicon, germanium, tin, and lead. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.49, 235 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  56. Dibeler, V. H., F. L. Mohler andR. M. Reese: Ionization and dissociation of methyl siloxanes by electron impact. J. Chem. Phys.21, 180 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  57. Dibeler, V. H., F. L. Mohler andM. de Hemptinne: Mass spectra of the deuteroethylenes. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.53, 107 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  58. Dibeler, V. H., and R. M. Reese: Selected positive and negative ions in the mass spectra of the monohalomethanes. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.54, 127 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  59. Donfor, A., W. Kendrich andH. Branson: Mass spectrometric studies of two series of organe compounds. Phys. Rev.80, 129 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  60. Donnally, B. L., andH. E. Carr: Metastable negative ions. Physic. Rev.93, 111 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  61. D'Or, L., et J. Collin: Comportement des nitrites aliphatiques sous l'action du bombardement électronique. Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège No. 6-7, 285 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  62. Dosse, J., u.G. Mierdel: Der elektrische Strom im Hochvakuum und in Gasen. Leipzig: Hirzel 1943.

    Google Scholar 

  63. Douglas, W., andG. Herzberg: Canad. J. Res. A20, 71 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  64. Eltenton, G. C.: The study of reaction intermediates by means of a mass-spectrometer. J. Chem. Phys.15, 455 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  65. Evans, M. G.: The importance of data derived from appearance potentials in chemical theory. Mass spectrometry. The Institute of Petroleum, London, P. 4 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  66. Ewald, H., u.H. Hintenberger: Methoden und Anwendungen der Massenspektroskopie. Weinheim: Verlag Chemie 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  67. Fabre de la Ripelle, M.: Etude sur les coefficients spécifiques d'ionisation. J. Physique et Radium Ser. VIII,10, 319 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  68. Field, F. H., andE. H. Hinkle: The ionization potential of cyclo propane by electron impact. J. Chem. Phys.18, 1122 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  69. Field, F. H.: Electron impact studies of the vinyl ion and radical. J. Chem. Phys.21, 1506 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  70. Field, F. H., andJ. L. Franklin: Electron impact studies of some aromatic hydrocarbons. Implications regarding certain aromatic reactions. J. Chem. Phys.22, 1895 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  71. Foner, S. N., andR. L. Hudson: The detection of atom and free radicals in flames by mass spectrometer techniques. J. Chem. Phys.21, 1374 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  72. Foner, S. N., andR. L. Hudson: Ionization potential of the free HO2-radical and the H−O2 bond dissociation energy. J. Chem. Phys.23, 1364 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  73. Fox, R. E., A. Langer andJ. A. Hipple: The appearance potential of metastable ions in some hydrocarbon gases. Physic. Rev.74, 1222 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  74. Fox, R. E., andA. Langer: Appearance potentials of some metastable transition ions found in hydrocarbon mass spectra. J. Chem. Phys.18, 460 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  75. Fox, R. E., W. Hickam, T. Kjeldaas andD. Groove: Ionization potentials and probabilities using a mass spectrometer. Physic. Rev.84, 859 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  76. Fox, R. E., andW. M. Hickam: Study of carbonmonoxide, nitrogen, propylene and benzene. Ionization probability curves near threshold. J. Chem. Phys.22, 2059 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  77. Fox, R. E., W. Hickam andT. Kjeldaas: Ionization probability curves for krypton and xenon near threshold. Physic. Rev.89, 555 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  78. Franklin, J. D., andF. H. Field: Some aspects of the dissociation of benzene under electronic impact. J. Chem. Phys.21, 2082 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  79. Franklin, J. L., andH. E. Lumpkin: Some C−S, H−S and S−S bond strengths by the electron impact method. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.74, 1023 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  80. Friedman, L.: Mass spectrum of Li2I. J. Chem. Phys.23, 477 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  81. Gaydon, A. G.: Dissociation energies and spectra of diatomic molecules, 2nd Ed. London: Chapman & Hall 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  82. Geerk, J., u.H. Neuert: Ionisation und Dissoziation durch Elektronenstoß bei Methan, Methylalkohol und Methylal. Z. Naturforsch.5a, 502 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  83. Gutbier: Massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen von CH2Br2, CH2Cl2, CH3Br und CH3Cl. Z. Naturforsch.9a, 348 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  84. Gutbier, H., u.H. Neuert: Negative Ionen bei Dissoziation von HCl und HBr durch Elektronenstoß. Z. Naturforsch.9a, 335 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  85. Hagstrum, H. D.: Ionization by electron impact in CO, N2, NO and O2. Rev. Mod. Phys.23, 185 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  86. Hagstrum, H. D.: Reinterpretation of electron impact experiments in CO, N2, NO and O2. J. Chem. Phys.23, 1178 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  87. Hagstrum, H. D., andJ. T. Tate: Ionization and dissociation of diatomic molecules by electron impact. Physic. Rev.59, 354 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  88. Hartmann, H., u.H. Grunert: Anregungs- und Ionisierungsenergien der Halogenbenzole. Z. physik. Chem.199, 259 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  89. Hanson, E. E.: A study of kinetic energies of atomic ions formed by electron impact in nitric oxide and hydrogen chloride. Physic. Rev.51, 86 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  90. Healey, R. H., andJ. W. Reed: The behaviour of slow electrons in gases Sydney 1941.

    Google Scholar 

  91. Heil, H.: Über eine neue Ionenquelle. Z. Physik120, 212 (1943).

    Google Scholar 

  92. Henglein, A.: Ein Vergleich der Massenspektren einfach und doppelt geladener Ionen von Kohlenwasserstoffen. Z. Naturforsch.6a, 463 (1941).

    Google Scholar 

  93. Herzberg, G.: Spectra of diatomic molecules. New York: Van Nostrand Comp. 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  94. Hickam, W. M.: Ionization probability curves near threshold for Zn, Cd and Hg. Physic. Rev.95, 703 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  95. Hickam, W. M., R. E. Fox andT. Kjeldaas: Probability curves near threshold for the formation of He+, Ne++, A++, Kr++, Xe++ by electron impact. Physic. Rev.96, 63 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  96. Hipple, J. A.: The dissociation of ethane by electron impact. Physic. Rev.53, 530 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  97. Hipple, J. A. jr.: Analysis of B2H6 with a mass spectrometer. Physic. Rev.57, 350 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  98. Hipple, J. A., andE. U. Condon: Detection of metastable ions with the mass-spectrometer. Physic. Rev.68, 54 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  99. Hipple, J. A., R. E. Fox andE. U. Condon: Mctastable ions formed by electron impact in hydrocarbon gases. Physic. Rev.69, 347 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  100. Hipple, J. A.: Peak contour and half-life of metastable ions appearing in mass spectra. Physic. Rev.71, 594 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  101. Hipple, J. A.: Spontaneous dissociations of ions. J. Physic. Colloid. Chem.52, 456 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  102. Hipple, J. A., andM. Shepherd: Mass spectrometry. Analytical Chem.21, 32 (149) and26, 58 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  103. Hogness, T. R., andR. W. Harkness: The ionization processes of iodine interpreted by the mass-spectrograph. Physic. Rev.32, 784 (1928).

    Google Scholar 

  104. Honig, R. E.: Ionization potentials of some hydrocarbon series. J. Chem. Phys.16, 105 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  105. Hornbeck, J. A., andJ. P. Molnar: Mass spectrometrie studies of molecular ions in the noble gases. Physic. Rev.84, 621 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  106. Huang, K.: Astrophysic. J.101, 196 (1945).

    Google Scholar 

  107. Hustrulid, A., P. Kusch andJ. T. Tate: The dissociation of benzene (C6H6), pyridine (C5H5N) and cyclohexane (C6H12) by electron impact. Physic. Rev.54, 1037 (1938).

    Google Scholar 

  108. Johnston, W. H., andJ. R. Arnold: The existence of multiply charged molecular ions of HBr, HCl und DCl. J. Chem. Phys.21, 1499 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  109. Inn, E. C. Y.: The photoionization of molecules in the vacuum ultraviolet. Physic. Rev.91, 1194 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  110. Kandel, R. J.: Appearance potential studies. I. Determination of excess kinetic energy. J. Chem. Phys.22, 1496 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  111. Kandel, R. J.: Appearance potential studies. II. Nitromethane. J. Chem. Phys.23, 84 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  112. Kaufman, R.: Ionization potentials of some molecules commonly used in counters. Physic. Rev.78, 332 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  113. Kjeldaas, F., Jr.,W. M. Hickam andR. E. Fox: Relative ionization probability of helium near threshold. Physic. Rev.90, 386 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  114. Knoll, M., F. Ollendorf u.R. Rompe: Gasentladungstabellen. Berlin: Julius Springer 1935.

    Google Scholar 

  115. Koffel, M. B., andR. A. Lad: Ionization and dissociation of paraffin hydrocarbons by electron impact. J. Chem. Phys.16, 420 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  116. Kusch, P., A. Hustrulid andJ. T. Tate: Dissociation processes produced in SbCl3, AsCl3 and PCl3 by electron impact. Physic. Rev.52, 840 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  117. Kusch, P., A. Hustrulid andJ. T. Tate: The dissociation of HCN, C2H2, and C2H4 by electron impact. Physic. Rev.52, 843 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  118. Landolt-Börnstein, I. Bd., I. Teil, Atom-Ionen. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  119. Landolt-Börnstein, I. Bd., 2. Teil, Molekeln I. Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  120. Langer, A., andJ. A. Hipple: The ionization potential of CH2. Physic. Rev.69, 691 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  121. Langer, A., J. A. Hipple andD. P. Stevenson: Ionization and dissociation by electron impact; methylene, methyl, and methane. J. Chem. Phys.22, 1836 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  122. Lawrence, E. O.: The ionization of atoms by electron impact. Physic. Rev.28, 947 (1926).

    Google Scholar 

  123. Ledsham: Thesis. London: Oxford Univ. Press 1951.

    Google Scholar 

  124. Lossing, F. P., A. W. Tickner andW. A. Bryce: The ionization potentials of the deuterated methanes. J. Chem. Phys.19, 1254 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  125. Lossing, F. P., F. P. Ingold, I. H. S. Henderson andA. W. Tickner: a) I. The measurement of methyl radical concentrations. J. Chem. Phys.20, 907 (1952). b) II. The thermal decomposition of ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, dimethylether and dioxane. Discuss. Farad. Soc.14, 34 (1953). c) III. Radicals in the thermal decomposition of some benzene derivatives. Canad. J. Chem.31, 30 (1953). d) IV. The rate of combination of methyl radicals. J. Chem. Phys.21, 1135 (1953). e) V. The ionization potentials of methyl, allyl and benzyl radicals. J. Chem. Phys.22, 621 (1954). f) The bond dissociation energies of some methyl, allyl and benzyl compounds by electron impact. J. Chem. Phys.22, 1489 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  126. Lozier, W. W.: A study of the velocities of H+-ions formed in hydrogen by dissociation following electron impact. Physic. Rev.36, 1285 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  127. Lozier, W. W.: Negative ions in hydrogen and water. Physic. Rev.36, 1417 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  128. Lozier, W. W.: The heat of dissociation of CO and electron affinity of O. Physic. Rev.46, 268 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  129. Magat, M., andR. Viellard: J. Chim. physique48, No. 9 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  130. Mandl, F.: The ionization by electron impact of excited hydrogen atoms. A.E.R.E. Report T/R 1006 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  131. Mann, M. M., A. Hustrulid andJ. T. Tate: The ionization and dissociation of water vapour and ammonia by electron impact. Physic. Rev.58, 340 (1940).

    Google Scholar 

  132. Mariner, R., andW. Bleakney: The ionization and dissociation of formic acid monomer by electron impact. Physic. Rev.72, 792 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  133. Mariner, T., andW. Bleakney: A note on the appearance potentials of ions in a mass spectrometer. Physic. Rev.72, 807 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  134. Marriott, J., andJ. D. Craggs: Negative ion studies with the mass spectrometer. Conf. Appl. Mass Spectrometry 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  135. Marriott, J., R. Thorburn andJ. D. Craggs: Negative ion formation in CCl4 and TiCl4. Proc. Phys. Soc.67B, 437 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  136. Mass Spectrometry, Rep. of a Conference in 1950. The Institute of Petroleum. London 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  137. Massey, H. S. W., andC. B. O. Mohr: The collision of slow electrons with atoms. III. The excitation and ionization of helium by electrons of moderate velocity. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A140, 613 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  138. Massey, H. S. W., andR. A. Smith: Negative atomic ions. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A155, 472 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  139. Massey, H. S. W.: Negative ions. London: Cambridge Univ. Press 1950.

    Google Scholar 

  140. Massey, H. S. W., andE. H. S. Burhop: Electronic and ionic impact phenomena. London: Oxford Univ. Press 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  141. McDowell, C. A., andJ. W. Warren: Discuss. Farad. Soc.10, 53 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  142. McDowell, C. A., andB. G. Cox: The dissociation energy of the C−I bond in methyl iodide from electron impact measurements. J. Chem. Phys.20, 1496 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  143. McDowell, C. A., andJ. W. Warren: The ionization and dissociation of cyanogen and methyl cyanide by electron impact. Trans. Farad. Soc.48, 1084 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  144. McDowell, C. A., andJ. W. Warren: Determination of bond dissociation energies by the electron impact method. Mass spectrometry. Inst. of Petroleum, London p.27 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  145. Mitchell, J. J., andF. F. Coleman: Hydrocarbon ion appearance potentials. J. Chem. Phys.17, 44 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  146. Mohler, F. L., andV. W. Dibeler: Mass spectrometer analysis of C2H2, C2D2. Physic. Rev.72, 158 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  147. Mohler, F. L.: Mass spectra of hydrocarbons. J. Washington Acad. Sci.38, 193 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  148. Mohler, F. L., E. C. Bloom, J. H. Lengel andC. E. Wise: Mass spectra of some cyclic and straight chain fluorocarbons. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.71, 337 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  149. Mohler, F. L., E. G. Bloom, E. J. Wells, J. H. Lengel andE. C. Wise: Doubly charged ion spectra in mass spectra of hydrocarbons. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand42, 369 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  150. Mohler, F. L., L. Williamson, L. Wise, C. E. Wells, D. J. Dean andE. G. Bloom: Mass spectra of nonanes. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.44, 291 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  151. Mohler, F. L., V. H. Dibeler, E. J. Wells andR. M. Reese: Mass spectra of isotopic hydrogen molecules. Physic. Rev.79, 223 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  152. Mohler, F. L., V. H. Dibeler andR. M. Reese: Mass spectra of fluorocarbons. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.49, 343 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  153. Mohler, F. L., V. H. Dibeler, L. Williamson andH. Dean: Mass spectra of deuteroacetylenes, monodeuterobenzene and deuteronaphthalenes. J. Res. Nat. Bur. Stand.48, 188 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  154. Mohler, F. L., V. H. Dibeler andR. M. Reese: Some ions of high kinetic energy in mass spectra of polyatomic molecules. J. Chem. Phys.22, 394 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  155. Momigny, J.: Le spectre de masse de l'alcool ethylique et de l'alcool ethylique 2 d2. Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Liège No. 4, 111 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  156. Momigny, J.: Comportement du cycle benzènique halogène—substitué sous l'impact électronique (I). Bull. Soc. chim. Belges Nr.64, 149 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  157. Morrison, J. D.: Studies of ionisation efficiency. a) I. The determination of molecular appearance potentials using the mass spectrometer. J. Chem. Phys.19, 1305 (1951). b) andA. J. C. Nicholson: II. The ionization potentials of some organic molecules. J. Chem. Phys.20, 1021 (1952). c) III. The detection and interpretation of fine structure. J. Chem. Phys.21, 1767 (1953). d) IV. The electron spectra of some simple molecules. J. Chem. Phys.22, 1219 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  158. Mott, N. F., andH. S. W. Massey: The theory of atomic collisions. London: Oxford Univ. Press 1933.

    Google Scholar 

  159. Neuert, H.: Gasanalyse mit dem Massenspektrometer. Angew. Chemie64, 369 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  160. Neuert, H., u.H. Clasen: Massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen von SH2, SeH2, PH3, SiH4 und GeH4. Z. Naturforsch.7a, 410 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  161. Neuert, H.: Massenspektrometrische Bestimmung des Ionisierungspotentials von schwerem Ammoniak ND3.

    Google Scholar 

  162. Neuert, H.: Massenspektrometrische Bestimmung von Appearance-Potentialen von Molekeln. Angew. Chemie65, 454 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  163. Neuert, H., u.O. Rosenbaum: Negative Ionen bei Dissoziation von SO2 durch Elektronenstoß und die Elektronenaffinität des SO. Naturwiss.41, 85 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  164. Newhall, H. F.: Proton production by collisions in molecular hydrogen. Physic. Rev.62, 11 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  165. Nier, A. O.: A mass spectrometer for routine isotope abundance measurements. Rev. Sci. Instr.11, 2126 (1940); A mass spectrometer for isotope and gas analysis. Rev. Sci. Instr.18, 398 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  166. Nier, A. O., andE. E. Hanson: A mass spectrographic analysis of the ions produced in HCl under electron impact. Physic. Rev.50, 722 (1936).

    Google Scholar 

  167. Norton, F. J.: Mass spectrum of monoisotopic B 102 H6. J. Amer. Chem. Soc.71, 3488 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  168. Nottingham, W. B.: Ionization and excitation in mercury vapor produced by electron bombardement. Physic. Rev.55, 203 (1939).

    Google Scholar 

  169. Osberghaus, O.: Die Isotopenhäufigkeit des Bors. Massenspektrometrische Untersuchung der Elektronenstoßprodukte von BF3 und BCl3. Z. Physik128, 366 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  170. Pahl, M.: Über die Stabilität organischer Moleküle bei Elektronenstoß. Z. Naturforsch.96, 188 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  171. Price, W. C.: Chem. Rev.41, 257 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  172. Price, W. C., andT. M. Sugden: The ionization potentials of polyatomic molecules. I. Introduction and the ionization potentials of H2O and H2S. Trans. Farad. Soc.44, 108 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  173. Price, W. C., J. P. Teegan andA. D. Walsh: The far ultraviolet absorption spectra of the hydrides and deuterides of sulfur, selenium, and tellurium and of the methyl derivates of hydrogen sulphide. Proc. Roy. Soc. (London) A201, 600 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  174. Richtmeyer, F. K.: Multiple ionization of inner electron shells of atoms. Rev. Mod. Phys.9, 391 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  175. Robertson, A. J. B.: The detection of free radicals. Mass spectrometry. Inst. of Petroleum, London p.47, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  176. Robertson, A. J. B.: The ionization and dissociation of hydrogen peroxide induced by electron impact. Trans. Farad. Soc.48, 228 (1952).

    Google Scholar 

  177. Rosenbaum, O., u.H. Neuert: Bildung stabiler negativer Ionen in einigen Gasen und Dämpfen bei Elektronenstoß. Z. Naturforsch.9a, 990 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  178. Rosenbaum, O.: Massenspektrometrische Untersuchungen über die Entstehung negativer Ionen in einigen Gasen und Dämpfen bei Elektronenstoß. Diplomarbeit, Physikal. Staatsinst. Hamburg 1954.

    Google Scholar 

  179. Schaeffer, O. A., andJ. M. Hastings: Isotopeeffect on bond rapture by electron impact on H, D. T. J. Chem. Phys.18, 1048 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  180. Schaeffer, O. A., andH. R. Owen: Effect of isotopic substitution on the mass spectra of molecules. II. Oxygen and carbon dioxide, experimental. III. Carbon dioxide, theoretical interpretation. J. Chem. Phys.23, 1305, 1309 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  181. Schüler, H., undW. Bingel: Über die Elektronenaffinität des Sauerstoffs. Z. Naturforsch.10a, 250 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  182. Smith, P. T.: The ionization of He, Ne, and Ar by electron impact. Physic. Rev.36, 1233 (1930).

    Google Scholar 

  183. Smith, L. G.: Ionization and dissociation of polyatomic molecules by electron impact I. Methane. Physic. Rev.51, 263 (1937).

    Google Scholar 

  184. Smyth, H. D., andD. W. Mueller: The ionization of sulphur dioxide by electron impact. Physic. Rev.43, 121 (1933).

    Google Scholar 

  185. Smyth, H. D., andJ. P. Blewett: Ionization of carbon disulphide by electron impact. Physic. Rev.46, 276 (1934).

    Google Scholar 

  186. Stevenson, D. P., andJ. A. Hipple: Ionization and dissoziation by electron impact. The methyl and ethyl radicals. Physic. Rev.63, 121 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  187. Stevenson, D. P., andJ. A. Hipple: Ionization of argon and neon by electron impact. Physic. Rev.62, 237 (1942).

    Google Scholar 

  188. Stevenson, D. P.: On the mass spectra of H2 and D2. J. Chem. Phys.15, 409 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  189. Stevenson, D. P.: Ionization and dissociation by electron impact. Cyanogen, hydrogencyamide, cyanogen chloride and the dissociation energy of cyanogen. J. Chem. Phys.17, 1347 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  190. Stevenson, D. P., andC. D. Wagner: Mass spectra of C1−C4 monodeutero paraffins. J. Chem. Phys.19, 11 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  191. Stevenson, D. P.: On the mass spectra of propanes and butanes containing C13. J. Chem. Phys.19, 17 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  192. Stevenson, D. P.: Mass spectra of bromated alkanes. Discuss. Farad. Soc.10, 35 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  193. Stevenson, D. P.: Ionization and dissociation by electron impact of normal alkanes C4−C8. Trans. Farad. Soc.49, 867 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  194. Sugden, T. M., andW. C. Price: The ionisation potentials of polyatomic molecules. II. The ionization of simple aldehydes and ketones. Trans. Farad. Soc.44, 116 (1948).

    Google Scholar 

  195. Tate, J. T., andP. T. Smith: The efficiencies of ionization and ionization potentials of various gases under electron impact. Physic. Rev.39, 270 (1932).

    Google Scholar 

  196. Tate, J. T., P. T. Smith andA. L. Vaughan: A mass spectrum analysis of the products of ionization by electron impact in nitrogen, acetylene, nitric oxide, cyanogen, and carbon monoxide. Physic. Rev.48, 523 (1935).

    Google Scholar 

  197. Thomson, J. J.: Ionization by moving electrified particles. Philosophic. Mag.23, 449 (1912).

    Google Scholar 

  198. Thorburn, R.: Rep. Conf. Appl. Mass Spectroscopy, Inst. Petrol. p. 185, London 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  199. Vaughan, A. L.: Mass spectrograph analysis, and critical potentials for the production of ions by electron impact, in nitrogen and carbon monoxide. Physic. Rev.38, 1687 (1931).

    Google Scholar 

  200. Vought, R. H.: Molecular dissociation by electron impact. A study of SiCl4. Physical. Rev.71, 93 (1947).

    Google Scholar 

  201. Waldron, J. D., andK. Wood: The measurement of appearance potentials. Mass spectrometry, Inst. of Petroleum, London, p. 16, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  202. Waldron, J. D.: The ionization and dissociation of methyl radicals on electron impact. Trans. Farad. Soc.50, 102 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  203. Wannier, G. H.: The threshold law for single ionization of atoms or ions by electrons. Physic. Rev.90, 817 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  204. Watanabe, K.: Photoionization and total absorption cross section of gas. J. Chem. Phys.22, 1564 (1954).

    Google Scholar 

  205. Warren, J. W.: Measurement of appearance potentials of ions produced by electron impact, using a mass spectrometer. Nature (London)165, 810 (1950).

    Google Scholar 

  206. Warren, J. W., andJ. D. Craggs: Dissociation processes in gases of high dielectric strength. The appearance potentials of positive ions. Mass. spectrometry, Inst. of Petroleum, London p. 36, 1952.

    Google Scholar 

  207. Washburn, W., andC. E. Berry: Effects of high initial energies on mass spectra. Physic. Rev.70, 559 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

  208. Weiss, R.: Messungen der kinetischen Energien negativer Ionen, die bei Dissoziation von (CN)2, BF3, CCl4 und SO2 durch Elektroneneinfangprozesse gebildet werden. Dipl.-Arbeit, Physikal. Staatsinst. Hamburg 1955.

    Google Scholar 

  209. Yavorsky, B. M.: J. Phys. USSR10, 476 (1946).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1956 Springer-Verlag

About this paper

Cite this paper

Neuert, H. (1956). Ionisation und Dissoziation von Gasen und Dämpfen durch Elektronenstoß. In: Ergebnisse der Exakten Naturwissenschaften. Ergebnisse der Exakten Naturwissenschaften, vol 29. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0118836

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0118836

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-74717-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47133-2

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics