Abstract
Penalty functions are used to modify variational principles used in finite element analysis to enforce constraints. The procedure is found useful in imposing constraints implicit in the functional or to impose required interelement continuity. While the process is approximate, quite good practical results can be obtained if sufficient accuracy is available in the computer. The procedure is illustrated on several problems of interest in elasticity and fluid mechanics.
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Zienkiewicz, O.C. (1974). Constrained variational principles and penalty function methods in finite element analysis. In: Watson, G.A. (eds) Conference on the Numerical Solution of Differential Equations. Lecture Notes in Mathematics, vol 363. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0069138
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0069138
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