Skip to main content

Exercise training and its effect on the heart

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Volume 109

Part of the book series: Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology ((REVIEWS,volume 109))

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

References

  • Abbott BC, Mommaerts WFHM (1959) A study of inotropic mechanisms in the papillary muscle preparation. J Gen Physiol 42:533–551

    Google Scholar 

  • Adams WC, McHenry MM, Bernauer EM (1974) Long-term physiologic adaptations to exercise with special reference to performance and cardiorespiratory function in health and disease. Am J Cardiol 33:765–775

    Google Scholar 

  • Allen DG (1983) The use of isolated cardiac muscle preparation. In: Techniques in the life sciences, vol. P3/1. Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd. Linden RJ (ed). Cardiovasc Physiol P310:1–21

    Google Scholar 

  • Amsterdam EA, Choquet Y, Segel L, Arbogast R, Rendig S, Zelis R, Mason DT (1973) Effects of exercise conditioning on the rat heart: physical, metabolic and functional correlates. Circulation 48 [Suppl IV]:137

    Google Scholar 

  • Anversa P, Beghi C, Levicky V, McDonald SL, Kikkawa Y (1982) Morphometry of right ventricular hypertrophy induced by strenuous exercise in rat. Am J Physiol 243:H856–H861

    Google Scholar 

  • Anversa P, Levicky V, Beghi C, McDonald SL, Kikkawa Y (1983) Morphometry of exercise-induced right ventricular hypertrophy in the rat. Circ Res 52:57–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Astrand P-O (1976) Quantification of exercise capability and evaluation of physical capacity in man. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 19:51–67

    Google Scholar 

  • Astrand P-O, Rodahl K (1977) Physical training. In: Astrand P-O, Rodahl K (eds) Textbook of work physiology. McGraw-Hill, New York, pp 389–445

    Google Scholar 

  • Bache RJ, Dymek DJ (1981) Local and regional regulation of coronary vascular tone. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 24:191–212

    Google Scholar 

  • Bache RJ, Schwartz JS (1983) Myocardial blood flow during exercise after gradual coronary occlusion in the dog. Am J Physiol 245:H131–H138

    Google Scholar 

  • Baker MA, Horvath SM (1964) Influence of water temperature on oxygen uptake by swimming rats. J Appl Physiol 19:1215–1218

    Google Scholar 

  • Baldwin KM, Cooke DA, Cheadle WG (1977) Time course adaptations in cardiac and skeletal muscle to different running programs. J Appl Physiol 42:267–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnard RJ, MacAlpin R, Kattus AA, Buckberg GD (1977) Effect of training on myocardial oxygen supply/demand balance. Circulation 56:289–291

    Google Scholar 

  • Barnard RJ, Duncan HW, Baldwin KM, Grimditch G, Buckberg GD (1980) Effects of intensive exercise training on myocardial performance and coronary blood flow. J Appl Physiol 49:444–449

    Google Scholar 

  • Bassey EJ, Fentem PH (1981) Work physiology. In: Edholm OG, Weiner JS (eds) The principles and practice of human physiology. Academic, London, pp 19–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Bell RD, Rasmussen RL (1974) Exercise and the myocardial capillary fiber ratio during growth. Growth 38:237–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Berkenboom GM, Abramowicz M, Vandermoten P, Degre SG (1986) Role of alpha-adrenergic coronary tone in exercise-induced angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 57:195–198

    Google Scholar 

  • Berne RM, Rubio R (1979) Coronary circulation. In: Berne RM, Sperelakis N, Geiger SR (eds) Handbook of physiology. American Physiological Society, Washington, DC, pp 873–952

    Google Scholar 

  • Bersohn MM, Scheuer J (1977) Effects of physical training on end-diastolic volume and myocardial performance of isolated rat hearts. Circ Res 40:510–516

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop N, Hart G, Elamin MS, Silverton NP, Boyle R, Stoker JB, Smith DR, Mary DASG, Linden RJ (1986a) Assessment of the effect of nifedipine on myocardial ischaemia by using the ST segment/heart rate slope. Clin Sci 70:601–609

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop N, Linden RJ, Mary DASG, Stoker JB (1986b) The effect of vasodilator drugs on myocardial ischaemia in stable angina, using the maximal ST/HR slope. Clin Sci 70 [Suppl 13]:8P

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop N, Mackintosh AF, Stoker JB, Mary DASG, Linden RJ (1986c) The effect of indoramin on exercise performance in mild hypertension. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 8 [Suppl 2]:S30–S36

    Google Scholar 

  • Bishop N, Boyle RM, Stoker JB, Mary DASG (1987) The ST segment/heart rate relationship as an index of myocardial ischaemia. Int J Cardiol 14:281–293

    Google Scholar 

  • Bjork L, O'Keefe A (1976) Estimation of coronary artery stenosis. Acta Radiol Diagn 17:777–780

    Google Scholar 

  • Blomqvist CG, Saltin B (1983) Cardiovascular adaptations to physical training. Annu Rev Physiol 45:169–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloor CM, Leon AS (1970) Interaction of age and exercise on the heart and its blood supply. Lab Invest 22:160–165

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloor CM, Pasyk S, Leon AS (1970) Interaction of age and exercise on organ and cellular development. Am J Pathol 58:185–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Bloor CM, White FC, Sanders TM (1984) Effects of exercise on collateral development in myocardial ischemia in pigs. J Appl Physiol 56:656–665

    Google Scholar 

  • Bove AA, Hultgren PB, Ritzer TF, Carey RA (1979) Myocardial blood flow and hemodynamic responses to exercise training in dogs. J Appl Physiol 46:571–578

    Google Scholar 

  • Breisch EA, White FC, Nimmo LA, McKirnan MD, Bloor CM (1986) Exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy: a correlation of blood flow and microvasculature. J Appl Physiol 60:1259–1267

    Google Scholar 

  • Burt JJ, Jackson R (1965) The effects of physical exercise on the coronary collateral circulation of dogs. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 5:203–208

    Google Scholar 

  • Buttrick PM, Levite HA, Schaible TF, Ciambrone G, Scheuer J (1985a) Early increases in coronary vascular reserve in exercised rats are independent of cardiac hypertrophy. J Appl Physiol 59:1861–1865

    Google Scholar 

  • Buttrick PM, Schaible TF, Scheuer J (1985b) Combined effects of hypertension and conditioning on coronary vascular reserve in rats. J Appl Physiol 60:275–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Capasso JM, Remily RM, Sonnenblick EH (1982) Alterations in mechanical properties of rat papillary muscle during maturation. Am J Physiol 242:H359–H364

    Google Scholar 

  • Carew TS, Covell JW (1978) Left ventricular function in exercise-induced hypertrophy in dogs. Am J Cardiol 42:82–88

    Google Scholar 

  • Carey RA, Tipton CM, Lund DR (1976) Influence of training on myocardial responses of rats subjected to conditions of ischaemia and hypoxia. Cardiovasc Res 10:359–367

    Google Scholar 

  • Carey RA, Santamore WP, Michele JJ, Bove AA (1983) Effects of endurance training on coronary resistance in dogs. Med Sci Sports Exerc 15:355–359

    Google Scholar 

  • Clausen JP (1976) Circulatory adjustments to dynamic exercise and effect of physical training in normal subjects and in patients with coronary artery disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 18:459–495

    Google Scholar 

  • Clausen JP (1977) Effect of physical training on cardiovascular adjustments to exercise in man. Physiol Rev 57:779–815

    Google Scholar 

  • Codini MA, Yipintsoi T, Scheuer J (1977) Cardiac responses to moderate training in rats. J Appl Physiol 42:262–266

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen MV, Yipintsoi T, Malhotra A, Penpargkul S, Scheuer J (1978) Effect of exercise on collateral development in dogs with normal coronary arteries. J Appl Physiol 45:797–805

    Google Scholar 

  • Convertino V, Hung J, Goldwater D, de Busk RF (1982) Cardiovascular responses to exercise in middle-aged men after 10 days of bedrest. Circulation 65:134–140

    Google Scholar 

  • Convertino VA, Keil LC, Greenleaf JE (1983) Plasma volume, renin, and vasopressin responses to graded exercise after training. J Appl Physiol 54:508–514

    Google Scholar 

  • Cox ML, Bennett JB, Dudley GA (1986) Exercise training-induced alterations of cardiac morphology. J Appl Physiol 61:926–931

    Google Scholar 

  • Coyle EF, Hemmert MK, Coggan AR (1986) Effects of detraining on cardiovascular responses to exercise: role of blood volume. J Appl Physiol 60:95–99

    Google Scholar 

  • Crews J, Aldinger EE (1967) Effect of chronic exercise on myocardial function. Am Heart J 74:536–542

    Google Scholar 

  • Cutilletta AF, Edmiston K, Dowell RT (1979) Effect of a mild exercise program on myocardial function and the development of hypertrophy. J Appl Physiol 46:354–360

    Google Scholar 

  • Daly MDeB, Scott MJ (1962) An analysis of the primary cardiovascular reflex effects of stimulation of the carotid body chemoreceptors in the dog. J Physiol (Lond) 162:555–573

    Google Scholar 

  • De Maria AN, Neumann A, Lee G, Fowler W, Mason DT (1978) Alterations in ventricular mass and performance induced by exercise training in man evaluated by echocardiography. Circulation 57:237–244

    Google Scholar 

  • Denenberg DL (1972) The effects of exercise on the coronary collateral circulation. J Sports Med Phys Fitness 12:76–81

    Google Scholar 

  • Detry J-M, Bruce AB (1971) Effects of physical training on exertional S-T-segment depression in coronary heart disease. Circulation 44:390–396

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowell RT, Cutilletta AF, Rudnik MA, Sodt PC (1976) Heart functional responses to pressure overload in exercised and sedentary rats. Am J Physiol 230:199–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Dowell RT, Stone HL, Sordahl LA, Asimakis GK (1977) Contractile function and myofibrillar ATPase activity in the exercise-trained dog heart. J Appl Physiol 43:977–982

    Google Scholar 

  • Eckstein RW (1957) Effect of exercise and coronary artery narrowing on coronary collateral circulation. Circ Res 5:230–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehsani AA, Hagberg JM, Hickson RC (1978) Rapid changes in left ventricular dimensions and mass in response to physical conditioning and deconditioning. Am J Cardiol 42:52–56

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehsani AA, Heath GW, Hagberg JM, Sobel BE, Holloszy JO (1981) Effects of 12 months of intense exercise training on ischemic ST-segment depression in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 64:1116–1124

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehsani AA, Heath GW, Martin WH, Hagberg JM, Holloszy JO (1984) Effects of intense exercise training on plasma catecholamines in coronary patients. J Appl Physiol 57:154–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehsani AA, Biello DR, Schultz J, Sobel BE, Holloszy JO (1986) Improvement of left ventricular contractile function by exercise training in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 74:350–358

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekblom B, Huot R (1972) Response to submaximal and maximal exercise at different levels of carboxyhemoglobin. Acta Physiol Scand 86:474–482

    Google Scholar 

  • Ekelund L-G (1969) Exercise, including weightlessness. Annu Rev Physiol 31:85–116

    Google Scholar 

  • Elamin MS, Winter C, Kardash MM, Silverton PN, Whitaker W, Smith DR, Mary DASG, Linden RJ (1983) Assessment of the effect of moderate exercise training on coronary heart disease using exercise ST segment/heart rate slope. Clin Sci 64:45P

    Google Scholar 

  • Factor SM, Okun EM, Minase T, Kirk ES (1982) The microcirculation of the human heart: end-capillary loops with discrete perfusion fields. Circulation 66:1241–1248

    Google Scholar 

  • Feigl EO (1983) Coronary physiology. Physiol Rev 63:1–205

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson RJ, Petitclerc R, Choquette G, Chaniotis L, Gauthier P, Huot R, Allard C, Jankowski L, Campeau L (1974) Effect of physical training on treadmill exercise capacity, collateral circulation and progression of coronary disease. Am J Cardiol 34:764–769

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferguson RJ, Cote P, Gauthier P, Bourassa MG (1978) Changes in exercise coronary sinus blood flow with training in patients with angina pectoris. Circulation 58:41–47

    Google Scholar 

  • Finkelhor RS, Newhouse KE, Vrobel TR, Miron SD, Bahler RC (1986) The ST segment/heart rate slope as a predictor of coronary artery disease: comparison with quantitative thallium imaging and conventional ST segment criteria. Am Heart J 112:296–304

    Google Scholar 

  • Flameng W, Schwartz F, Schaper W (1979) Coronary collaterals in the canine heart: development and functional significance. Am Heart J 97:70–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Folkow B, Neil E (1971) Circulation. Oxford University Press, London

    Google Scholar 

  • Froelicher VF (1972) Animal studies of effect of chronic exercise on the heart and atherosclerosis. Am Heart J 84:496–506

    Google Scholar 

  • Froelicher VF (1973) The hemodynamic effects of physical conditioning in healthy young and middle-aged individuals, and in coronary heart disease patients. In: Naughton J, Hellerstein HK (eds) Exercise testing and exercise training in coronary heart disease. Academic, London, pp 63–77

    Google Scholar 

  • Froelicher VF (1983) Exercise testing and training: clinical applications. J Am Coll Cardiol 1:114–125

    Google Scholar 

  • Froelicher V, Battler A, McKirnan MD (1980) Physical activity and coronary heart disease. Cardiology 65:153–190

    Google Scholar 

  • Fuller EO, Nutter DO (1981) Endurance training in the rat: II. Performance of isolated and intact heart. J Appl Physiol 51:941–947

    Google Scholar 

  • Gattullo D, Linden RJ, Losano G, Mary DASG, Rosettani E, Soardo GP, Vacca G (1986) The effect of the coronary vascular wall of the changes in the coronary vascular resistance during a sudden reduction and recovery of the aortic blood pressure. Q J Exp Physiol 71:657–674

    Google Scholar 

  • Gibson DG (1984) Study of left ventricular function in man by echocardiography. In: Techniques in the life sciences, vol. P3/11. Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd. Linden RJ (ed). Cardiovasc Physiol P319:1–37s

    Google Scholar 

  • Giusti R, Bersohn MM, Malhotra A, Scheuer J (1978) Cardiac function and actomyosin ATPase activity in hearts of conditioned and deconditioned rats. J Appl Physiol 44:171–174

    Google Scholar 

  • Glesson TT, Mullin WJ, Baldwin KM (1983) Cardiovascular responses to treadmill exercise in rats: effects of training. J Appl Physiol 54:789–793

    Google Scholar 

  • Greenberg MA, Arbeit S, Rubin IL (1979) The role of physical training in patients with coronary artery disease. Am Heart J 97:527–534

    Google Scholar 

  • Gregg DE, Fisher LC (1963) Blood supply to the heart. In: Hamilton WF, Dow P (eds) Circulation: handbook of physiology. American Physiological Society, Washington, DC, pp 1517–1584

    Google Scholar 

  • Grimm AF, Kubota R, Whitehorn WV (1963) Properties of myocardium in cardiomegaly. Circ Res 12:118–124

    Google Scholar 

  • Gwirtz PA, Stone HL (1984) Coronary vascular response to adrenergic stimulation in exercise-conditioned dogs. J Appl Physiol 57:315–320

    Google Scholar 

  • Hagberg JM, Ehsani AA, Holloszy JO (1983) Effect of 12 months of intense exercise training on stroke volume in patients with coronary artery disease. Circulation 67:1194–1199

    Google Scholar 

  • Hakkila J (1955) Studies on the myocardial capillary concentration in cardiac hypertrophy due to training: an experimental study with guinea pigs. Ann Med Exp Biol Fenn 32 [Suppl 10]:1–82

    Google Scholar 

  • Halpern MH, May MM (1958) Phylogenetic study of the extracardiac arteries to the heart. Am J Anat 102:469–480

    Google Scholar 

  • Hansford RG (1978) Lipid oxidation by heart mitochondria from young adult and senescent rats. Biochem J 170:285–295

    Google Scholar 

  • Harpur RP (1980) The rat as a model for physical fitness studies. Comp Biochem Physiol 66:553–574

    Google Scholar 

  • Harrison MH (1985) Effects of thermal stress and exercise on blood volume in humans. Physiol Rev 65:149–209

    Google Scholar 

  • Haslam RW, Stull GA (1974) Duration and frequency of training as determinant of coronary tree capacity in the rat. Res Q Am Assoc Health Phys Ed 45:178–184

    Google Scholar 

  • Hearse DJ (1979) Cellular damage during myocardial ischaemia: metabolic changes leading to enzyme leakage. In: Hearse DJ, de Leiris J (eds) Enzymes in cardiology. Wiley, New York, pp 1–19

    Google Scholar 

  • Heaton WH, Marr KC, Capurro NL, Goldstein RE, Epstein SE (1978) Beneficial effect of physical training on blood flow to myocardium perfused by chronic collaterals in the exercising dog. Circulation 57:575–581

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellerstein HK (1969) Relation of exercise to acute myocardial infarction. Therapeutic, restorative, preventive, and etiological aspects. Circulation 39, 40 [Suppl IV]:124–129

    Google Scholar 

  • Hellerstein HK, Burlando A, Hirsch EZ, Plotkin FH, Feil GH, Winkler O, Marik S, Margolis N (1965) Active physical reconditioning of coronary patients (P). Circulation 31, 32 [Suppl II]:110–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Hermansen L, Ekblom B, Saltin B (1970) Cardiac output during submaximal and maximal treadmill and bicycle exercise. J Appl Physiol 29:82–86

    Google Scholar 

  • Hespel P, Lijnen P, Vanhees L, Fagard R, Amery A (1986) β-adrenoceptors and the regulation of blood pressure and plasma renin during exercise. J Appl Physiol 60:108–113

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickson RC, Hammonds GT, Holloszy JO (1979) Development and regression of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. Am J Physiol 236:H268–H272

    Google Scholar 

  • Hickson RC, Galassi TM, Dougherty KA (1983) Repeated development and regression of exercise-induced cardiac hypertrophy in rats. J Appl Physiol 54:794–797

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman JIE (1981) Why is myocardial ischaemia so commonly subendocardial? Clin Sci 61:657–662

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoffman JIF, Payne BD, Heymann MA, Rudolph AM (1983) The use of microspheres to measure blood flow. In: Techniques in the life sciences, vol. P3/1. Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ltd. Linden RJ (ed). Cardiovasc Physiol P304:1–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Holloszy JO, Coyle EF (1984) Adaptations of skeletal muscle to endurance exercise and their metabolic consequences. J Appl Physiol 56:831–838

    Google Scholar 

  • Holmgren A (1967) Cardiorespiratory determinants of cardiovascular fitness. Can Med Ass J 96:697–705

    Google Scholar 

  • Hudlicka O (1982) Growth of capillaries in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Circ Res 50:451–461

    Google Scholar 

  • Hung J, Goldwater D, Convertino VA, McKillop JH, Goris ML, de Busk RF (1983) Mechanisms for decreased exercise capacity after bed rest in normal middle-aged men. Am J Cardiol 51:344–348

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalpinsky E, Hood WB, McCarthy B, McCombs L, Lown B (1968) Effects of physical training in dogs with coronary artery ligation. Circulation 37:556–565

    Google Scholar 

  • Kappagoda CT, Linden RJ, Newell JP (1979) Effect of Canadian Air Force training programme on a submaximal exercise test. Q J Exp Physiol 64:185–204

    Google Scholar 

  • Kennedy CC, Spiekerman RE, Lindsay MI, Mankin MT, Frye RL, McCallister BD (1976) One-year graduated exercise program for men with angina pectoris: evoluation by physiologic studies and coronary arteriography. Mayo Clin Proc 51:231–236

    Google Scholar 

  • Kirchheim HR (1976) Systemic arterial baroreceptor reflexes. Physiol Rev 56:100–176

    Google Scholar 

  • Kligfield P, Okin PM, Ameisen O, Wallis J, Borer JS (1985) Correlation of the exercise ST/HR slope with anatomic and radionuclide cineangiographic findings in stable angina pectoris. Am J Cardiol 56:418–421

    Google Scholar 

  • Kligfield P, Okin PM, Ameisen O, Borer JS (1986) Evaluation of coronary artery disease by an improved method of exercise electrocardiography: the ST segment/heart rate slope. Am Heart J 112:589–598

    Google Scholar 

  • Kloner RA, Kloner JA (1981) The effect of exercise on healing of myocardial infarction. Circulation 64 [Suppl IV]:99

    Google Scholar 

  • Koerner JE, Terjung RL (1982) Effect of physical training on coronary collateral circulation of the rat. J Appl Physiol 52:376–387

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramer K, Lockner W, Wetterrer E (1963) Methods of measuring blood flow. In: Hamilton WF, Dow P (eds) Circulation: handbook of physiology. American Physiological Society, Washington, DC, pp 1277–1324

    Google Scholar 

  • Kramsch DM, Aspen AJ, Abramowitz BM, Kreimendahl T, Hood WB (1981) Reduction of coronary atherosclerosis by moderate conditioning exercise in monkeys on an atherogenic diet. N Engl J Med 305:1483–1489

    Google Scholar 

  • Lakatta EG, Yin FCP (1982) Myocardial aging: functional alterations and related cellular mechanics. Am J Physiol 242:H927–H941

    Google Scholar 

  • Laughlin MH (1985) Effects of exercise training on coronary transport capacity. J Appl Physiol 58:468–476

    Google Scholar 

  • Laughlin MH, Diana JN (1975) Myocardial transcapillary exchange in the hypertrophied heart of the dog. Am J Physiol 229:838–846

    Google Scholar 

  • Laughlin MH, Diana JN, Tipton CM (1978) Effects of exercise training on coronary reactive hyperemia and blood flow in the dog. J Appl Physiol 45:604–610

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee AP, Ice R, Blessey R, Sanmarco ME (1979) Long-term effects of physical training on coronary patients with impaired ventricular function. Circulation 60:1519–1526

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee JD, Tajimi T, Guth B, Seitelberger R, Miller M, Ross J (1986) Exercise-induced regional dysfunction with subcritical coronary stenosis. Circulation 73:596–605

    Google Scholar 

  • Leon AS, Blackburn H (1977) The relationship of physical activity to coronary heart disease and life expectancy. Ann NY Acad Sci 301:561–578

    Google Scholar 

  • Leon AS, Bloor CM (1968) Effects of exercise and its cessation on the heart and its blood supply. J Appl Physiol 24:485–490

    Google Scholar 

  • Leon AS, Bloor CM (1976) The effect of complete and partial deconditioning on exercise-induced cardiovascular changes in the rat. Adv Cardiol 18:81–92

    Google Scholar 

  • Leonard E, Hajdu S (1962) Action of electrolytes and drugs on the contractile mechanisms of the cardiac muscle cell. In: Hamilton WF, Dow P (eds) Circulation: handbook of physiology. American Physiological Society, Washington, DC, pp 151–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Letac B, Cribier A, Desplanches JF (1977) A study of left ventricular function in coronary patients before and after physical training. Circulation 56:375–378

    Google Scholar 

  • Lewis SF, Taylor WF, Graham RM, Pettinger WA, Schutte JE, Blomqvist CG (1983) Cardiovascular responses to exercise as functions of absolute and relative work load. J Appl Physiol 54:1314–1323

    Google Scholar 

  • Li YX, Lincoln T, Mendelowitz D, Grossman W, Wei JY (1986) Age-related differences in effect of exercise training on cardiac muscle function in rats. Am J Physiol 251:H12–H18

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang IYS, Stone HL (1982) Effect of exercise conditioning on coronary resistance. J Appl Physiol 53:631–636

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang IYS, Stone HL (1983) Changes in diastolic coronary resistance during submaximal exercise in conditioned dogs. J Appl Physiol 54:1057–1062

    Google Scholar 

  • Liang IYS, Hamra M, Stone HL (1984) Maximum coronary blood flow and minimum coronary resistance in exercise-trained dogs. J Appl Physiol 56:641–647

    Google Scholar 

  • Linden RJ, Mary DASG (1982) Limitations and reliability of exercise electrocardiography tests in coronary heart disease. Cardiovasc Res 16:675–710

    Google Scholar 

  • Linden RJ, Mary DASG (1983) The preparation and maintenance of anaesthetized animals for the study of cardiovascular function. In: Techniques in the life sciences, vol. P3/1. Cardiovasc Physiol P301:1–22

    Google Scholar 

  • Ljungqvist A, Unge G (1972) The finer intramyocardial vasculature in various forms of experimental cardiac hypertrophy. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 80A:329–340

    Google Scholar 

  • Ljungqvist A, Unge G (1973) The proliferative activity of the myocardial tissue in various forms of experimental cardiac hypertrophy. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 81A:233–240

    Google Scholar 

  • Ljungqvist A, Unge G (1977) Capillary proliferative activity in myocardium and skeletal muscle of exercised rats. J Appl Physiol 43:306–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Ljungqvist A, Unge G, Carlsson (1976) The myocardial capillary vasculature in exercising animals with increased cardiac pressure load. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 84A:244–246

    Google Scholar 

  • Loguens RP, Gomez-Dumm CLA (1967) Fine structure of myocardial mitochondria in rats after exercise for one-half to two hours. Circ Res 11:271–279

    Google Scholar 

  • Luksic IY, Raffo JA, Mary DASG, Watson DA, Deverall PB, Linden RJ (1981) Use of exercise tests in assessment of the functional result of aortocoronary bypass surgery. Thorax 36:428–434

    Google Scholar 

  • Lynch P, Crawford IC (1983) Scintigraphic evidence of improvement in myocardial perfusion associated with improvement in physical fitness in a patient with angina. J R Army Med Corps 129:54–58

    Google Scholar 

  • MacIntosh AM, Baldwin KM, Herrick RE, Mullin WM (1985) Effects of training on biochemical and functional properties of rodent neonatal heart. J Appl Physiol 59:1440–1445

    Google Scholar 

  • Malhotra MS, Gupta JS, Joseph NT (1973) Comparative evaluation of different training programmes on physical fitness. Ind J Physiol Pharmacol 17:356–363

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandache E, Unge G, Ljungqvist A (1972) Myocardial blood capillary reaction in various forms of cardiac hypertrophy. An electron microscopical investigation in the rat. Virchows Arch [Cell Pathol] 11:97–110

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandache E, Unge G, Appelgren L-E, Ljungqvist A (1973) The proliferative activity of the heart tissues in various forms of experimental cardiac hypertrophy studied by electron microscope autoradiography. Virchows Arch [Cell Pathol] 12:112–122

    Google Scholar 

  • Marsland WP (1968) Heart rate response to submaximal exercise in the standardbred horse. J Appl Physiol 24:98–101

    Google Scholar 

  • Mary DASG (1986) Editorial note: Physiological mechanisms of changes in left ventricular performance during exercise in six subjects: editorial note. Int J Cardiol 10:233–235

    Google Scholar 

  • Mary DASG, Winter C, Linden RJ (1986) Type of exercise training and cardiorespiratory fitness using the heart rate/oxygen consumption relationship. Proceed XXX Int Union Physiol Sci 16:216

    Google Scholar 

  • Maseri A (1975) Myocardial blood flow in acute ischaemia, and its measurement. In: Oliver MF (ed) Modern trends in cardiology. Butterworths, London, pp 115–153

    Google Scholar 

  • Mazzeo RS, Brooks GA, Horvath SM (1984) Effects of age on metabolic responses to endurance training in rats. J Appl Physiol 57:1369–1374

    Google Scholar 

  • McArdle WD (1967) Metabolic stress of endurance swimming in the laboratory rat. J Appl Physiol 22:50–54

    Google Scholar 

  • McArdle WD, Montoye HJ (1966) Reliability of exhaustive swimming in the laboratory rat. J Appl Physiol 21:1431–1434

    Google Scholar 

  • McElroy CL, Gissen SA, Fishbein MC (1978) Exercise-induced reduction in myocardial infarct size after coronary artery occlusion in the rat. Circulation 57:958–962

    Google Scholar 

  • Mirvis DM, Gordey RL (1983) Electrocardiographic effects of myocardial ischemia induced by atrial pacing in dogs with coronary stenosis: I. Repolarization changes with progressive left circumflex coronary artery narrowing. J Am Coll Cardiol 1:1090–1098

    Google Scholar 

  • Mirvis DM, Ramanathan KB, Wilson JL (1986) Regional blood flow correlates of ST segment depression in tachycardia-induced myocardial ischemia. Circulation 73:365–373

    Google Scholar 

  • Mole PA (1978) Increased contractile potential of papillary muscles from exercise-trained rat hearts. Am J Physiol 234:H421–H425

    Google Scholar 

  • Mortimer IL, Reed JW (1982) Prediction of maximal oxygen uptake from submaximal blood lactate cocentration. J Physiol 328:73P

    Google Scholar 

  • Musch TI, Haidet GC, Ordway GA, Longhurst JC, Mitchell JH (1985) Dynamic exercise training in foxhounds. I. Oxygen consumption and hemodynamic responses. J Appl Physiol 59:183–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Musch TI, Moore RL, Leather DJ, Bruno A, Zelis R (1986) Endurance training in rats with chronic heart failure induced by myocardial infarction. Circulation 74:431–441

    Google Scholar 

  • Neill WA, Oxendine JM (1979) Exercise can promote coronary collateral development without improving perfusion of ischemic myocardium. Circulation 60:1513–1519

    Google Scholar 

  • Newell JP (1982) The physical rehabilitation of patients after cardiac surgery. Ph. D. Thesis, University of Leeds

    Google Scholar 

  • Newell JP, Kappagoda CT, Stoker JB, Deverall PB, Watson DA, Linden RJ (1980) Physical training after heart valve replacement. Br Heart J 44:638–649

    Google Scholar 

  • Newman PE (1981) The coronary collateral circulation: determinants and functional significance in ischemic heart disease. Am Heart J 102:431–445

    Google Scholar 

  • Nolewajka AJ, Kostuk WJ, Rechnitzer PA, Cunningham DA (1979) Exercise and human collateralization: an angiographic and scintigraphic assessment. Circulation 60:114–121

    Google Scholar 

  • Nutter DO, Fuller EO (1977) The role of isolated cardiac muscle preparations in the study of training effects on the heart. Med Sci Sports Exerc 9:239–245

    Google Scholar 

  • Nutter DO, Priest RE, Fuller EO (1981) Endurance training in the rat: I. Myocardial mechanics and biochemistry. J Appl Physiol 51:934–940

    Google Scholar 

  • O'Brien DW (1981) The effect of prolonged physical training and high fat diet on heart size and body weight in rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 59:268–272

    Google Scholar 

  • Okin PM, Kligfield P, Ameisen O, Goldberg HL, Borer JS (1985) Improved accuracy of the exercise electrocardiogram: identification of three-vessel coronary disease in stable angina pectoris by analysis of peak rate related changes in ST segments. Am J Cardiol 55:271–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Okin PM, Ameisen O, Kligfield P (1986) A modified treadmill exercise protocol for computer-assisted analysis of the ST segment/heart rate slope: methods and reproducibility. J Electrocardiology 19:311–318

    Google Scholar 

  • Okun EM, Factor SM, Kirk ES (1979) End-capillary loops in the heart: an explanation for discrete myocardial infarctions without border zones. Science 206:565–567

    Google Scholar 

  • Ordway GA, Floyd DL, Longhurst JC, Mitchell JH (1984) Oxygen uptake and hemodynamic responses during graded exercise in the dog. J Appl Physiol 57:601–607

    Google Scholar 

  • Oscai LB, Mole PA, Brei B, Holloszy JO (1971a) Cardiac growth and respiratory enzyme levels in male rats subjected to a running program. Am J Physiol 220:1238–1241

    Google Scholar 

  • Oscai LB, Mole PA, Holloszy JO (1971b) Effects of exercise on cardiac weight and mitochondria in male and female rats. Am J Physiol 220:1944–1948

    Google Scholar 

  • Parizkova J, Wachtlova M, Soukupova M (1972) The impact of different motor activity on body composition, density of capillaries and fibres in the heart and soleus muscles and cell's migration in vitro in male rats. Int Z Angew Physiol 30:207–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Parsons D, Musch TI, Moore RL, Haidet GC, Ordway GA (1985) Dynamic exercise in foxhounds: II. Analysis of skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 59:190–197

    Google Scholar 

  • Penpargkul S, Scheuer J (1970) The effect of physical training upon the mechanical and metabolic performance of the rate heart. J Clin Invest 49:1859–1968

    Google Scholar 

  • Pollock ML (1973) The quantification of endurance training programs. In: Wilmore JH (ed) Exercise and sport science reviews. Academic, New York, pp 155–188

    Google Scholar 

  • Raffo JA, Luksic IY, Kappagoda CT, Mary DASG, Whitaker W, Linden RJ (1980) Effects of physical training on myocardial ischaemia in patients with coronary artery disease. Br Heart J 43:262–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Rakusan K, Ostadal B, Wachtlova M (1971) The influence of muscular work on the capillary density in the heart and skeletal muscle of pigeon (Columba dom.). Can J Physiol Pharmacol 49:168–170

    Google Scholar 

  • Rauramaa R, Salonen JT, Kukkonen-Harjula K, Seppanen K, Seppala E, Vapaatalo H, Huttunen JK (1984) Effects of mild physical exercise on serum lipoproteins and metabolites of arachidonic acid: a controlled randomised trial in middle aged men. Br Med J 288:603–606

    Google Scholar 

  • Redwood DR, Rosing DR, Epstein SE (1972) Circulatory and symptomatic effects of physical training in patients with coronary-artery disease and angina pectoris. N Engl J Med 286:959–965

    Google Scholar 

  • Reimer KA, Ideker RE, Jennings RB (1981) Effect of coronary occlusion site on ischaemic bed size and collateral blood flow in dogs. Cardiovasc Res 15:668–674

    Google Scholar 

  • Restorff W, Holtz J, Bassenge E (1977) Exercise induced augmentation of myocardial oxygen extraction in spite of normal dilatory capacity in dogs. Pflugers Arch 372:181–185

    Google Scholar 

  • Riedhammer HH, Rafflenbeul W, Weihe WH, Krayenbuhl HP (1976) Left ventricular contractile function in trained dogs with cardial hypertrophy. Basic Res Cardiol 71:297–308

    Google Scholar 

  • Rigotti NA, Thomas GS, Leaf A (1983) Exercise and coronary heart disease. Annu Rev Med 34:391–412

    Google Scholar 

  • Ritzer TF, Bove AA, Carey RA (1980) Left ventricular performance characteristics in trained and sedentary dogs. J Appl Physiol 48:130–138

    Google Scholar 

  • Roskamm H (1967) Optimum patterns of exercise for healthy adults. Can Med Assoc J 96:895–900

    Google Scholar 

  • Rowell LB (1974) Human cardiovascular adjustments to exercise and thermal stress. Physiol Rev 54:75–159

    Google Scholar 

  • Saltin B, Blomqvist G, Mitchell JE, Johnson RL, Wildenthal K, Chapman CB (1968) Response to exercise after bed rest and after training: a longitudinal study of adaptive changes in oxygen transport and body composition. Circulation 37, 38 [Suppl VII]:1–78

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanders M, White FC, Peterson TM, Bloor CM (1978) Effects of endurance exercise on coronary collateral blood flow in miniature swine. Am J Physiol 234:H614–H619

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarnoff SJ, Mitchell JH, Gilmore JP, Remensnyder JP (1960) Homeometric autoregulation in the heart. Circ Res 8:1077–1091

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaible TF, Scheuer J (1979) Effects of physical training by running or swimming on ventricular performance of rat hearts. J Appl Physiol 46:854–860

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaible TF, Scheuer J (1981) Cardiac function in hypertrophied hearts from chronically exercised female rats. J Appl Physiol 50:1140–1145

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaible TF, Scheuer J (1985) Cardiac adaptations to chronic exercise. Prog Cardiovasc Dis 27:297–324

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaible TF, Penpargkul S, Scheuer J (1981) Cardiac responses to exercise training in male and female rats. J Appl Physiol 50:112–117

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaper W (1978) Experimental coronary artery occlusion: III. The determinations of collateral blood flow in acute coronary occlusion. Basic Res Cardiol 73:584–594

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaper W (1982) Influence of physical exercise on coronary collateral blood flow in chronic experimental two-vessel occlusion. Circulation 65:905–912

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaper W, Wusten B (1979) Collateral circulation. In: Schaper W (ed) The pathophysiology of myocardial perfusion. Elsevier/North-Holland, Amsterdam, pp 415–470

    Google Scholar 

  • Schaper W, Flameng W, Brabander MD (1972) Comparative aspects of coronary collateral circulation. Adv Exp Med Biol 22:267–276

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheel KW, Ingram LA, Wilson JL (1981) Effects of exercise on the coronary and collateral vasculature of beagles with and without coronary occlusion. Circ Res 48:523–530

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheuer J (1982) Effects of physical training on myocardial vascularity and perfusion. Circulation 66:491–495

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheuer J, Tipton CM (1977) Cardiovascular adaptations to physical training. Annu Rev Physiol 39:221–225

    Google Scholar 

  • Scheuer J, Penpargkul S, Bhan AK (1974) Experimental observations on the effects of physical training upon intrinsic cardiac physiology and biochemistry. Am J Cardiol 33:744–751

    Google Scholar 

  • Shephard RJ (1978) Methods for the measurement of physical fitness, working capacity and activity patterns. In: Shephard RJ (ed) Human physiological work capacity. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 22–46

    Google Scholar 

  • Siegel W, Blomqvist G, Mitchell JH (1970) Effects of a quantitated physical training program on middle-aged sedentary men. Circulation 41:19–29

    Google Scholar 

  • Sinning WE (1975) Factors of fitness. In: Wilson PK (ed) Adult fitness and cardiac rehabilitation. University Park, Baltimore, pp 29–42

    Google Scholar 

  • Sim DN, Neill WA (1974) Investigation of the physiological basis for increased exercise threshold for angina pectoris after physical conditioning. J Clin Invest 54:763–770

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonnenblick EH (1962) Force-velocity relations in mammalian heart muscle. Am J Physiol 202:931–939

    Google Scholar 

  • Sonnenblick EH, Parmley WW, Urschel CW (1969) The contractile state of the heart as expressed by force-velocity relations. Am J Cardiol 23:488–503

    Google Scholar 

  • Spear KL, Koerner JE, Terjung RL (1978) Coronary blood flow in physically trained rats. Cardiovasc Res 12:135–143

    Google Scholar 

  • Spiro SG, Juniper E, Bowman P, Edwards RHT (1974) An increasing work rate test for assessing the physiological strain of submaximal exercise. Clin Sci 46:191–206

    Google Scholar 

  • Spurgeon HA, Steinbach MF, Lakatta EG (1983) Chronic exercise prevents characteristic age-related changes in rat cardiac contraction. Am J Physiol 244:H513–H518

    Google Scholar 

  • Starnes JW, Beyer RE, Edington DW (1983) Myocardial adaptations to endurance exercise in aged rats. Am J Physiol 245:H560–H566

    Google Scholar 

  • Stevenson JAF, Feleki V, Rechnitzer P, Beaton JR (1964) Effect of exercise on coronary tree size in the rat. Circ Res 15:265–269

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone L (1977) Cardiac function and exercise training in conscious dogs. J Appl Physiol 42:824–832

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone HL (1980a) The heart and exercise training. In: Bourne GH (ed) Hearts and heart-like organs, vol 2. Academic, London, pp 389–418

    Google Scholar 

  • Stone HL (1980b) Coronary flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, and exercise training in dogs. J Appl Physiol 49:759–768

    Google Scholar 

  • Templeton GH, Platt MR, Willerson JT, Weisfeldt ML (1979) Influence of aging on left ventricular hemodynamics and stiffness in beagles. Circ Res 44:189–194

    Google Scholar 

  • Tepperman J, Pearlman D (1961) Effects of exercise and anaemica on coronary arteries of small animals as revealed by the corrosion-cast technique. Circ Res 9:576–584

    Google Scholar 

  • Thomas BT, Millar AT (1958) Adaptation to forced exercise in rats. Am J Physiol 193:350–354

    Google Scholar 

  • Tibbits G, Koziol BJ, Roberts NK, Baldwin KM, Barnard RJ (1978) Adaptation of the rat myocardium to endurance training. J Appl Physiol 44:85–89

    Google Scholar 

  • Tibbits GF, Barnard RJ, Baldwin KM, Cugalj N, Roberts NK (1981) Influence of exercise on excitation-contraction coupling in rat myocardium. Am J Physiol 240:H472–H480

    Google Scholar 

  • Tipton CM (1965) Training and bradycardia in rats. Am J Physiol 209:1089–1094

    Google Scholar 

  • Tipton CM, Carey RA, Eastin WC, Erickson HH (1974) A submaximal test for dogs: evaluation of effects of training, detraining, and cage confinement. J Appl Physiol 37:271–275

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomanek RJ (1970) Effects of age and exercise on the extent of the myocardial bed. Anat Rec 167:55–62

    Google Scholar 

  • Tomanek RJ, Banister EW (1972) Myocardial ultrastructure after acute exercise stress with special reference to transverse tubules and intercalated discs. Cardiovasc Res 6:671–679

    Google Scholar 

  • Unge G, Carlsson S, Ljungqvist A, Tornling G, Adolfsson J (1979) The proliferative activity of myocardial capillary wall cells in variously aged swimming-exercised rats. Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand 87A:15–17

    Google Scholar 

  • Vatner SF, Murray PA (1982) Reflex control of coronary arteries. In: Kalsner S (ed) The coronary artery. Croom-Helm, London, pp 216–238

    Google Scholar 

  • Wackers TJTh (1984) Radionuclide techniques for assessment of cardiac function in man. In: Techniques in the life sciences, vol. P3/II. Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd Linden RJ (ed). Cardiovasc Physiol P320:1–26

    Google Scholar 

  • Wallace AG, Rerych SK, Jones RH, Goodrich JK (1978) Effects of exercise training on ventricular function in coronary disease. Circulation 57, 58 [Suppl II]:197

    Google Scholar 

  • Weller JJ, El-Gamal FM, Parker L, Reed JW, Bridges NG, Chinn DJ, Cotes JE (1985) Estimating the capacity for exercise of shipyard workers. Clin Sci 68 [Suppl 11]:45P

    Google Scholar 

  • Wexler BC, Greenberg BP (1974) Effect of exercise on myocardial infarction in young vs. old male rats: electrocardiograph changes. Am Heart J 88:343–350

    Google Scholar 

  • Williams JF, Potter RD (1976) Effect of exercise conditioning on the intrinsic contractile state of cat myocardium. Circ Res 39:425–428

    Google Scholar 

  • Winkler B (1984) Measurement of coronary blood flow. In: Techniques in life sciences, Elsevier Scientific Publishers Ireland Ltd. Linden RJ (ed). Vol P3/II. Cardiovasc Physiol P316:1–36

    Google Scholar 

  • Winter C, Kardash MM, Whitaker W, Mary DASG, Linden RJ (1984) The effects of long-term-in physical training in patients with coronary heart disease. Int J Cardiol 5:675–685

    Google Scholar 

  • Woodson RD, Willis RE, Lenfant C (1978) Effect of acute and established anemia on O2 transport at rest, submaximal and maximal work. J Appl Physiol 44:36–43

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt HL (1982) Physical conditioning and the coronary-artery vasculature. In: Kalsner S (ed) The coronary artery. Croom-Helm, London, pp 365–388

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt HL, Mitchell JH (1974) Influence of physical training on the heart of dogs. Circ Res 35:883–889

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt HL, Mitchell J (1978) Influences of physical conditioning and deconditioning on coronary vasculature of dogs. J Appl Physiol 45:619–625

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyatt HL, Chuck L, Rabinowitz B, Tyberg JV, Parmley WW (1978) Enhanced cardiac response to catecholamines in physically trained cats. Am J Physiol 234:H608–H613

    Google Scholar 

  • Wydenham CH (1967) Submaximal tests for estimating maximum oxygen intake. Can Med Ass J 96:736–745

    Google Scholar 

  • Yipintsoi T, Rosenkrantz J, Codini MA, Scheuer J (1980) Myocardial blood flow responses to acute hypoxia and volume loading in physically trained rats. Cardiovasc Res 14:50–57

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer-Verlag

About this chapter

Cite this chapter

Mary, D.A.S.G. (1987). Exercise training and its effect on the heart. In: Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Volume 109. Reviews of Physiology, Biochemistry and Pharmacology, vol 109. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0031025

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0031025

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-18108-8

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47780-8

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics