Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Conversion of chemical into mechanical energy by synthetic polymers (chemomechanical systems)

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Polymer Physics

Part of the book series: Advances in Polymer Science ((POLYMER,volume 82))

Abstract

The isothermal conversion of chemical energy into mechanical work underlies the motility of living organisms. Chemomechanical systems based on synthetic polymers are the only artificial systems able to convert chemical energy directly into mechanical work. They may have potential uses where power supply is limited (e.g. under water, in space). They are considered as “transducers” or “receptors”, whereby semimicroscopic deformation or strain plays an essential role for displaying functions. Several mechanochemical systems have been investigated during the past three decades. This article describes the principles, fundamental behaviors and potential applications of these systems. Recently developed electro-activated chemomechanical systems using water-swollen polymeric gels will also be described.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution

Institutional subscriptions

Preview

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

Unable to display preview. Download preview PDF.

6 References

  1. Kuhn, W.: Experimentia, 5, 318 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Breitenbach, J. W., Karlinger, H.: Monatsh. Chem., 80, 211 (1949)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Katchalsky, A., Oplatka, A.: Proc. Fourth Intern. Cong. Pheolgy, edit, by Lee, E. H., and Copley, A. L., Partl, 73 (Interscienc Publishers. 1965)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kuhn, W., Hargitay, B., Katchalsky, A., Eisenberg, H.: Nature, 165, 514 (1950)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Engelhardt, V. A.: Advances in Enzymology, 6, 147, F. F. Nord Ed., Interscience, New York (1946)

    Google Scholar 

  6. “Size and Shape Changes of Contractile Polymers” Chap. 1 Ed., A. Wassermarn, Pergamon Press, New York (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  7. Katchalsky, A.: J. Polym. Sci., 7, 393 (1952)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Sussman, M. V.: Nature, 256, 195 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Katchalsky, A., Eisenberg, H.: Nature, 166, 267 (1950)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Kuhn, W., Ranel, A., Walters, D. H., Ebner, G., and Kuhn, H. J.: Fortschr. Hochpolymer Forsch., 1, 540 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Kuhn, W., Thurkauf, M.: Kolloid-Zeitschrift und Zeitschrift für Polymere, 184, 114 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Tatara, Y.: Trans. Japan Soc. Mech. Engrs. (in Japanese), 76, 1000 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Flory, P. J.: “Principles of Polymer Chemistry”, Cornell University Press, Ithaca, New York, 1953 Chap. 13

    Google Scholar 

  14. Katchalsky, A., Kunze, O., and Kuhn, W.: J. Polym. Sci., 5, 283 (1950)

    Google Scholar 

  15. Katchalsky, A., Michael, I.: J. Polym. Sci., 15, 69 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  16. Flory, P. J., Tatara, Y.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Phys. Ed., 13, 683 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Tatara, Y.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Symp., 54, 283 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Boyack, J., Enos, J., Lalone, A., Fragala, A.: “Development of an Electrically Activated Artificial Muscle System” (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Mongar, J. L., Wasserman, A.: J. Chem. Sci., 500 (1952)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Gregor, H. P., Gutoff, E., Bregmann, J. T.: J. Colloid Sci., 6, 245 (1951)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Katchalsky, A., Zwick, M.: J. Polym. Sci., 16, 221 (1955)

    Google Scholar 

  22. Hojo, N., Shirai, H., Kameyama, Y., Nagasaki, T., Ichikawa, S.: Kogyo Kagaku Kaishi, 74, 269 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  23. Hojo, N., Shirai, H., Mori, T.: ibid.,, 74, 273 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Kuhn, W.: Gazg. Chem. Ital., 92, 951 (1962)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Kuhn, W.: Angew. Chem., 70, 50 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Kuhn, W., Ramel, A., Walters, D. H.: ibid.,, 70, 31, Chimia (Zürich) 12, 123 (1958)

    Google Scholar 

  27. Ueno, A., Anzai, J., and Osa, T.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 17, 149 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  28. Agolini, F., and Gay, F. P.: Macromolecules, 3, 349 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  29. Smets, G.: Polym. Symposium IUPAC-Congress in Bratislava, Chem., 39, 225 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  30. Smets, G., and De Bauwe, F.: Pure Appl. Chem., 39, 225 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  31. Smets, G.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 13, 2223 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  32. Aviram, A.: Macromolecules, 11, 1275 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  33. Osada, Y., Katsumura, E., Inoue, K.: Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 2, 411 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  34. Negishi, N., Ishihara, K., Shinohara, I., Akaike, T., Okano, M., Kataoka, K., and Sakurai, Y.: Kobunshi Ronbunshu, 37, 287 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  35. Ishihara, K., Hamada, N., Kato, S., and Shinohara, I.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 22, 881 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  36. Ishihara, K., and Shinohara, I.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 22, 515 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  37. Negishi, N., Ishihara, K., Shinohara, I., Okano, T., Kataoka, K., and Sakurai, Y.: Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 2, 95 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  38. Ishihara, K., Muramoto, N., Shinohara, I.: J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 29, 211 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  39. Kano, K., Tanaka, Y., Ogawa, T., Shimomura, M., Okahata, Y., and Kunitake, T.: Chem. Lett., 421 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  40. Balasubramanian, D., Subramani, S., Kumar, S.: Nature (London), 254, 252 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  41. Chen, D. T., Morawetz, H.: Macromolecules, 9, 463 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  42. Irie, M., Menju, A., Hayashi, K.: Macromolecules, 12, 1176 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  43. Ueno, A., Yoshimura, H., Saka, R., Osa, T.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 101, 2779 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  44. Shinkai, S., Nakaji, T., Noshida, Y., Ogawa, T., and Manabe, O.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 102, 5860 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  45. Shinkai, S., Nakaji, T., Ogawa, T., Shigematsu, K., and Manabe, O.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 103, 111 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  46. Shinkai, S., Ogawa, T., Kusano, Y., Manabe, O., Kikukawa, K., Goto, T., and Matsuda, T.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 104, 1960 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  47. Shinkai, S., Kinda, H., and Manabe, O.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 104, 2933 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  48. Yuki, H., Sakakibara, S., Tani, T., and Tani, H.: Bull. Chem. Soc. Japan, 29, 664 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  49. Steinberg, I. Z., Oplatka, A., and Katchalsky, A.: Nature, 210, 568 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  50. Sussman, M. V., and Katchalsky, A.: Science, 167, 45 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  51. Kuhn, W.: Makromol. Chem., 35, 2. Sonderband 200 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  52. Pasinsky, A., Brokhina, V.: Doklady Acad. Nauk USSR, 86, 1171 (1952)

    Google Scholar 

  53. Vorob'ev, V. I.: Doklady Acad. Nauk USSR, 137, 972 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  54. Kukhareva, L. V., Ginsburg, B. M., Vorov'-ev, V. I., and Frenkel, S. Ya.: Macromolecules, 6, 508 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  55. Frenkel, S. Ya.: “Kinetic Theory of Liquids” Izd. Acad. Nauk USSR, Moscow, 1945

    Google Scholar 

  56. Gee, G.: Quart. Rev., Chem. Soc., 1, 265 (1947)

    Google Scholar 

  57. Flory, P. J.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 78, 5222 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  58. Michels, A. S.: Encyclopedia of Polymer Technology, Wiley, New York, Vol. 16, (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  59. Kabanov, V. A.: IUPUC Macromol. Chem., 8, 121 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  60. Tsuchida, E., Osada, Y., and Sanada, K.: J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Chem. Ed., 10, 3397 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  61. Papisov, I. M., Antipina, A. D., Kabanov, V. A.: Dokl. Acad. Nauk USSR, 199, 1364 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  62. Tsuchida, E., and Osada, Y.: Kobunshi Kagaku, 30, 515 (1973); Kobunshi, 22, 384 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  63. Morawetz, H., Hughes, W. L., Jr.: J. Phys. Chem., 56, 64 (1952)

    Google Scholar 

  64. Chen, Haunn-Lin, Morawetz, H.: Macromolecules, 15, 1445 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  65. Ohkubo, T., Honjo, K., Enokida, A.: J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. 1, 80, 2087 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  66. Schodt, K. P., Gelman, R. A.: J. Blackwell, Biopolymers, 15, 1965 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  67. Ohno, H., Nii, A., Tsuchida, E.: Makromol. Chem. 181, 1227 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  68. Baranovsky, V. Yu., Litmanovich, H. A., Papisov, I. M., Kabanov, V. A.: Europ. Polym. J., 17, 969 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  69. Izumrudov, V. A., Savitskii, A. P., Bakeev, K. N., Zezim, A. B., Kabanov, V. A.: Makromol. Chem., Rapid Commun., 5, 709 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  70. Margolin, A. C., Sherstyuk, S. F., Izumrudov, V. A., Zezin, A. B., Kabanov, V. A.: Europ. J. Biochem., 146, 625 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  71. Saito, M., Abe, K., Osada, Y., and Tsuchida, E.: J. Chem. Soc. Jpn., 5, 977 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  72. Tsuchida, E., Osada, Y., and Abe, K.: Makromol. Chem., 175, 583 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  73. Tsuchida, E., and Osada, Y.: Makromol. Chem., 175, 593 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  74. Anufrieva, E. V., Pautov, V. D., Papisov, I. M., Kabanov, V. A.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR, 232, 1096 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  75. Kabanov, V. A., Zezin, A. B.: Soviet Sci. Rev., Ser. B, Chem. Rev., 4, 207 (1982), Ed. M. E. Volpin, Harwood Academic publishers GmbH

    Google Scholar 

  76. Zezin, A. B., Lutsenko, V. V. Rogachova, V. B., Aleksina, O. A., Kalushnaya, R. I., Kabanov, V. A., and Kargin, V. A.: Vysokomol. Soedin. Ser. A, 14, 772 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  77. Zezin, A. B., Lutsenko, V. V., Izumrudov, V. A., and Kavbanov, V. A.: Vysokomol. Soedin. Ser. A., 16, 600 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  78. Osada, Y., Sato, M.: J. Polym. Sci. Polym. Lett. Ed., 14, 129 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  79. Osada, Y., Saito, Y.: Makromol. Chem., 176, 2761 (1975)

    Google Scholar 

  80. Osada, Y., Saito, Y.: Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 171 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  81. Osada, Y., Sato, M.: Polymer, 21, 1057 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  82. Osada, Y.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 18, 281 (1980)

    Google Scholar 

  83. Fedofov, N. G., Vedeneev, V. I., Sarkisov, O. M.: Dokl. Akad. Nauk USSR, 208, 401 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  84. Osada, Y., Koike, M.: Chem. Lett., 209 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  85. Koike, M., Osada, Y.: Polymer Preprints, Japan, 32, 2805 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  86. Osada, Y.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 17, 3485 (1979)

    Google Scholar 

  87. Osada, Y., Koike, M., Katsumura, E.: Chem. Lett., 809 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  88. Osada, Y., Sato, M.: Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 175 (1976)

    Google Scholar 

  89. Osada, Y.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Chem. Ed., 15, 255 (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  90. Osada, Y., Takeuchi, Y.: J. Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed., 19, 303 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  91. Osada, Y., Takeuchi, Y., Koike, M.: Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 812 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  92. Osada, Y., Takeuchi, Y.: Polym. J., 15, 279 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  93. Bell, A. T., Shen, M.: Eds. “Plasma Polymerization”, American Chemical Society; Washington DC, 1979; ACS Symp. ser. No. 108

    Google Scholar 

  94. Osada, Y., Bell, A. T., Shen, M. J.: Polym. Sci., Polym. Lett. Ed. 16, 309 (1978)

    Google Scholar 

  95. Johnson, D., Osada, Y., Bell, A. T., Shen, M.: Macromolecules, 14, 118 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  96. Osada, Y., Takase, M., Iriyama, Y.: Polym. J., 15, 81 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  97. Osada, Y., Takase, M.: Nippon Kagaku Kaishi, 439 (1983)

    Google Scholar 

  98. Osada, Y., Iriyama, Y.: J. Amer. Chem. Soc., 104, 2925 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  99. Osada, Y., Iriyama, Y.: J. Phys. Chem., 88, 5951–5956 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  100. Osada, Y., Iriyama, Y.: Thin Solid Films, 118, 197 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  101. Osada, Y., Honda, K.: J. Membrane Sci., 27, 327 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  102. Osada, Y., Hasebe, M.: Chem. Lett., 1285 (1985)

    Google Scholar 

  103. Tanaka, T.: Scientific American, 244, 110 (1981)

    Google Scholar 

  104. Tanaka, T., Nishio, I., Sun, S. T., and Nishio, S. V.: Science, 218, 467 (1982)

    Google Scholar 

  105. Osada, Y., Hasebe, M.: Reprints of Ann. Meeting of J. Electrochem. Soc. Japan 12–14 (1984)

    Google Scholar 

  106. Osada, Y., Kishi, Y.: Macromolecules, submitted

    Google Scholar 

  107. DeRossi, D. E., Chiarell, P., Buzzigoli, G., and Domenici, C.: Trans. Am. Soc. Artif. Intern. Organs, 32, 157 (1986)

    Google Scholar 

  108. Nicolis, G., and Prigogine, I.: “Self-Organization in Nonequilibrium System-From Dissipative Structures to Order through Fluctuations”, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, (1977)

    Google Scholar 

  109. Glansdorff, P., and Prigogine, I.: “Thermodynamic Theory of Structure, Stability and Fluctuations”, Wiley-Interscience, London, (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  110. Prigogine, Ilya: “Time and Complexity in the Physical Sciences”, W. H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, (1980)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Ibaraki University, 310, Mito, Japan

    Yoshihito Osada

Authors
  1. Yoshihito Osada
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 1987 Springer-Verlag

About this paper

Cite this paper

Osada, Y. (1987). Conversion of chemical into mechanical energy by synthetic polymers (chemomechanical systems). In: Polymer Physics. Advances in Polymer Science, vol 82. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0024041

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0024041

  • Received:

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-540-17776-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-540-47817-1

  • eBook Packages: Springer Book Archive

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation