Abstract
The characterization of illite clay minerals by the use of the technique of differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetry (TG) and derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) is presented. This presentation is offered not only as a review of the thermal characteristics of this important group of clay materials but suggestions relative to the application of the thermal analysis techniques to contaminated illitic specimens; i.e., mineral mixtures, are included. Two commonly referenced illitic clay specimens, which have been widely distributed, were studied here. These were the American Petroleum Institute Reference Clay Specimen from Fithian, Illinois (API #35) and the Clay Mineral Society's Source Clay Specimen from Silver Hill, Montana (CMS-IMt).
These clay specimens were studied using a modern computerized differential thermal analyzer which also contained a “DSC” mode of operation for peak energy assignment. Representative DTA thermal curves using both DTA and computerized DSC modes are given for both clay specimens. The effect of the variation of heating rate and sample size on the observed peak temperatures and resolution is demonstrated for both illite specimens.
This study also demonstrates the use of carbon dioxide purge atmospheres for both shifting and enhancing the DTA peak signal observed for small carbonate contaminants in such clay materials. Finally, the actual inorganic carbon content of the Fithian (API #35) specimen is determined by acid decarboxylation of the carbonate component and subsequent measurement of the carbon dioxide which is evolved using a commercial element analyzer.
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Earnest, C.M. (1991). Thermal analysis of selected illite and smectite clay minerals. Part I. Illite clay specimens. In: Smykatz-Kloss, W., Warne, S.S.J. (eds) Thermal Analysis in the Geosciences. Lecture Notes in Earth Sciences, vol 38. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0010271
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BFb0010271
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